@article{d11b513c1e19459f941ba1c354945600,
title = "Discovery of spectacular quasar-driven superbubbles in red quasars",
abstract = "Quasar-driven outflows on galactic scales are a routinely invoked ingredient for galaxy formation models. We report the discovery of ionized gas nebulae surrounding three luminous red quasars at z ~ 0.4 from Gemini integral field unit observations. All these nebulae feature unprecedented pairs of “superbubbles” extending ~20 kpc in diameter, and the line-of-sight velocity difference between the red- and blueshifted bubbles reaches up to ~1200 km/s. Their spectacular dual-bubble morphology (in analogy to the galactic “Fermi bubbles”) and their kinematics provide unambiguous evidence for galaxy-wide quasar-driven outflows, in parallel with the quasi-spherical outflows similar in size from luminous type 1 and type 2 quasars at concordant redshift. These bubble pairs manifest themselves as a signpost of the short-lived superbubble “break-out” phase, when the quasar wind drives the bubbles to escape the confinement from the dense environment and plunge into the galactic halo with a high-velocity expansion.",
author = "Lu Shen and Guilin Liu and Zhicheng He and Zakamska, {Nadia L.} and Eilat Glikman and Greene, {Jenny E.} and Weida Hu and Guobin Mou and Dominika Wylezalek and Rupke, {David S.N.}",
note = "Funding Information: We appreciate the informative discussion with F. Yuan. This project is based on the data obtained with the Gemini telescope (program ID: GN-2014A-Q-19; principal investigator: G.L.). We thank the scientists and telescope operators at Gemini telescope for the help. This project used the GEMINI package by the IRAF that is distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy Inc. under cooperative agreement with the NSF. Funding: This workwas supported by the research grants fromthe China Manned Space Project (the second-stage CSST science project: “Investigation of small-scale structures in galaxies and forecasting of observations,” nos. CMS-CSST-2021-A06 and CMS-CSST-2021-A07), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 12273036 and 11421303), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. WK3440000005), the support from Cyrus Chun Ying Tang Foundations, and the lateral fund from Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (no. EF2030220007). L.S. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 12003030). Z.H. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 12222304, 12192220, and 12192221). E.G. acknowledges the support of the Cottrell Scholar Award through the Research Corporation for Science Advancement and is grateful to the Mittelman Family Foundation for the support. G.M. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 11833007). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved.",
year = "2023",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.adg8287",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Science Advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "28",
}