TY - JOUR
T1 - Differential Power Processing for Ultra-Efficient Data Storage
AU - Wang, Ping
AU - Chen, Yenan
AU - Yuan, Jing
AU - Pilawa-Podgurski, Robert C.N.
AU - Chen, Minjie
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received May 4, 2020; revised August 11, 2020; accepted August 19, 2020. Date of publication September 7, 2020; date of current version November 20, 2020. This work was supported in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, under Award No. DE-AR0000906 in the CIRCUITS program in part by the National Science Foundation CAREER Award No. 1847365, and in part by the Princeton E-ffiliates Partnership Program. This paper was presented at the 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition [3]. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor J. He. (Corresponding author: Minjie Chen.) Ping Wang, Yenan Chen, Jing Yuan, and Minjie Chen are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA (e-mail: ping.wang@princeton.edu; yenanc@princeton.edu; yua@et.aau.dk; minjie@princeton.edu).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1986-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - This article presents the hardware, software, and power codesign of an ultra-efficient data storage server with differential power processing (DPP). DPP can reduce the power conversion stress, improve the efficiency, and enhance the functionality of modular power electronics systems. The power inputs of a large number of hard disk drives (HDDs) were connected in series and supported by a multiport ac-coupled differential power processing (MAC-DPP) converter through a multiwinding transformer. Methods for controlling the multi-input multi-output power flow in the multiwinding transformer while avoiding core saturation were investigated. A ten-port MAC-DPP prototype with 700-W/in3 power density was built to support a 450-W HDD storage system with ten series-stacked voltage domains. The prototype was tested on a 50-HDD server testbench, and the overall system loss is below 1 W (99.77% system efficiency). The server was able to maintain high-speed reading and writing operation of all 50 HDDs against the worst hot-swapping scenarios. A variety of hardware/software configurations and many cloud storage techniques were tested on the fully functioning server. Experimental results show that the energy efficiency of large-scale information systems (CPU/GPU clusters, memory banks, HDD arrays, etc.) can be greatly improved by software, hardware, and power codesign.
AB - This article presents the hardware, software, and power codesign of an ultra-efficient data storage server with differential power processing (DPP). DPP can reduce the power conversion stress, improve the efficiency, and enhance the functionality of modular power electronics systems. The power inputs of a large number of hard disk drives (HDDs) were connected in series and supported by a multiport ac-coupled differential power processing (MAC-DPP) converter through a multiwinding transformer. Methods for controlling the multi-input multi-output power flow in the multiwinding transformer while avoiding core saturation were investigated. A ten-port MAC-DPP prototype with 700-W/in3 power density was built to support a 450-W HDD storage system with ten series-stacked voltage domains. The prototype was tested on a 50-HDD server testbench, and the overall system loss is below 1 W (99.77% system efficiency). The server was able to maintain high-speed reading and writing operation of all 50 HDDs against the worst hot-swapping scenarios. A variety of hardware/software configurations and many cloud storage techniques were tested on the fully functioning server. Experimental results show that the energy efficiency of large-scale information systems (CPU/GPU clusters, memory banks, HDD arrays, etc.) can be greatly improved by software, hardware, and power codesign.
KW - Data center
KW - differential power processing (DPP)
KW - distributed control
KW - energy-efficient computing
KW - multiport converter
KW - multiwinding transformer
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U2 - 10.1109/TPEL.2020.3022089
DO - 10.1109/TPEL.2020.3022089
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85097345057
SN - 0885-8993
VL - 36
SP - 4269
EP - 4286
JO - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
IS - 4
M1 - 9187407
ER -