TY - JOUR
T1 - Designing marine reserves for interacting species
T2 - Insights from theory
AU - Baskett, Marissa L.
AU - Micheli, Fiorenza
AU - Levin, Simon Asher
N1 - Funding Information:
Discussions with L.W. Botsford, D.R. Brumbaugh, M.H. Carr, S.D. Gaines, B.S. Halpern, A. Hastings, R.R. Warner, and J.S. Weitz were very helpful to the ideas presented here. Also, H. Leslie, T.E. Essington, B.R. Broitman, and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments on an earlier version of this paper. M.L.B. received support for this research from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Training Program in Biological Dynamics (#1001781). F.M. was partly supported through grants from NSF (Grant #OCE-0119976) and EPA (#R832223). This work was conducted as part of the Development of Tools for the Practical Design of Marine Reserves Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant #DEB-00-72909), the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the State of California.
PY - 2007/6
Y1 - 2007/6
N2 - The primary goals of marine reserves include protecting biodiversity and ecosystem structure. Therefore, a multispecies approach to designing and monitoring reserve networks is necessary. To gain insight into how the interactions between species in marine communities may affect reserve design, we synthesize marine reserve community models and community models with habitat destruction and fragmentation, and we develop new extensions of existing models. This synthesis highlights the potential for species interactions to alter reserve design criteria; in particular, accounting for species interactions often leads to an increase in reserve size necessary to protect populations. Accounting for species interactions also indicates the need to base reserve design and monitoring on a variety of species, especially long-distance dispersers, inferior colonizers, and specialists. Finally, the new model extensions highlight how, given dispersal, source populations outside reserves as well as increases in fished populations after reserve establishment may negatively affect reserve populations of competitors or prey. Therefore, multispecies harvest dynamics outside reserves and before reserve establishment are critical to determining the appropriate reserve size, spacing, and expectations after establishment. These models highlight the importance of species interactions to reserve design and provide guidelines for how this complexity can begin to be incorporated into conservation planning.
AB - The primary goals of marine reserves include protecting biodiversity and ecosystem structure. Therefore, a multispecies approach to designing and monitoring reserve networks is necessary. To gain insight into how the interactions between species in marine communities may affect reserve design, we synthesize marine reserve community models and community models with habitat destruction and fragmentation, and we develop new extensions of existing models. This synthesis highlights the potential for species interactions to alter reserve design criteria; in particular, accounting for species interactions often leads to an increase in reserve size necessary to protect populations. Accounting for species interactions also indicates the need to base reserve design and monitoring on a variety of species, especially long-distance dispersers, inferior colonizers, and specialists. Finally, the new model extensions highlight how, given dispersal, source populations outside reserves as well as increases in fished populations after reserve establishment may negatively affect reserve populations of competitors or prey. Therefore, multispecies harvest dynamics outside reserves and before reserve establishment are critical to determining the appropriate reserve size, spacing, and expectations after establishment. These models highlight the importance of species interactions to reserve design and provide guidelines for how this complexity can begin to be incorporated into conservation planning.
KW - Community models
KW - Competition
KW - Habitat loss
KW - Marine protected areas
KW - Mutualism
KW - Predation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.013
DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.013
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:34147163333
SN - 0006-3207
VL - 137
SP - 163
EP - 179
JO - Biological Conservation
JF - Biological Conservation
IS - 2
ER -