Dephosphorylation of Tyrosine 393 in Argonaute 2 by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Regulates Gene Silencing in Oncogenic RAS-Induced Senescence

Oncogenic RAS (H-RAS^V12) induces premature senescence in primary cells by triggering production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the molecular role of ROS in senescence remains elusive. We investigated whether inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases by ROS contributed to H-RAS^V12-induced senescence. We identified protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a major target of H-RAS^V12-induced ROS. Inactivation of PTP1B was necessary and sufficient to induce premature senescence in H-RAS^V12-expressing IMR90 fibroblasts. We identified phospho-Tyr 393 of argonaute 2 (AGO2) as a direct substrate of PTP1B. Phosphorylation of AGO2 at Tyr 393 inhibited loading with microRNAs (miRNAs) and thus miRNA-mediated gene silencing, which counteracted the function of H-RAS^V12-induced oncogenic miRNAs. Overall, our data illustrate that premature senescence in H-RAS^V12-transformed primary cells is a consequence of oxidative inactivation of PTP1B and inhibition of miRNA-mediated gene silencing.