Deep silicate absorption features in compton-thick active galactic nuclei predominantly arise due to dust in the host galaxy

We explore the origin of mid-infrared (mid-IR) dust extinction in all 20 nearby (z < 0.05) bona fide Compton-thick (N _H > 1.5 × 10²⁴ cm^-2) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with hard energy (E > 10 keV) X-ray spectral measurements. We accurately measure the silicate absorption features at λ 9.7 μm in archival low-resolution (R 57-127) Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectroscopy, and show that only a minority (45%) of nearby Compton-thick AGNs have strong Si-absorption features (S _9.7 = ln (f _int/f _obs) ≳ 0.5) which would indicate significant dust attenuation. The majority (60%) are star formation dominated (AGN:SB < 0.5) at mid-IR wavelengths and lack the spectral signatures of AGN activity at optical wavelengths, most likely because the AGN emission lines are optically extinguished. Those Compton-thick AGNs hosted in low-inclination-angle galaxies exhibit a narrow range in Si-absorption (S _9.7 0-0.3), which is consistent with that predicted by clumpy-torus models. However, on the basis of the IR spectra and additional lines of evidence, we conclude that the dominant contribution to the observed mid-IR dust extinction is dust located in the host galaxy (i.e., due to disturbed morphologies, dust lanes, galaxy inclination angles) and not necessarily a compact obscuring torus surrounding the central engine.