TY - JOUR
T1 - Creation of onset voltage hash by anode spots in a magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
AU - Uribarri, Luke
AU - Choueiri, Edgar Y.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship program, the Princeton Program in Plasma Science and Technology, and the Wallace Memorial Fellowship fund for support at various points during this work. We would also like to acknowledge the invaluable technical assistance of Bob Sorenson.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Experimental results are presented which quantify the evolution with rising J2/m (ratio of current squared to mass flow rate) of onset voltage fluctuations in a magnetoplasmadynamic thruster operating with three anode materials, and an anode spot model is presented which provides a physical explanation for the properties of these fluctuations. Voltage signals taken in the magnetoplasmadynamic thruster operating below and above onset with anodes of copper, graphite, and lead are analyzed using the statistical measures of probability density and power spectrum. A model of voltage hash as the random superposition of many anode spotting events is used to generate voltage fluctuations with statistics similar to the observed data. The experimental fluctuation statistics evolve with rising J2/m first away from Gaussian, and then back toward Gaussian, with the values of skewness and kurtosis peaking at J2/m ~ 110 kA2 · s/g; this behavior is the same for all three anode materials. Nonstationarity in the statistics is shown using high-speed video to be a result of unsteady anode evaporation. The statistics of modeled voltage hash are shown to be functions of the product of the frequency of anode spotting events and their duration, with the statistics becoming more Gaussian as this product grows. Comparison of experimental and model results suggests that, above J2/m ~ 110 kA2 · s/g, anode current conduction fragments into an increasing number of anode spots.
AB - Experimental results are presented which quantify the evolution with rising J2/m (ratio of current squared to mass flow rate) of onset voltage fluctuations in a magnetoplasmadynamic thruster operating with three anode materials, and an anode spot model is presented which provides a physical explanation for the properties of these fluctuations. Voltage signals taken in the magnetoplasmadynamic thruster operating below and above onset with anodes of copper, graphite, and lead are analyzed using the statistical measures of probability density and power spectrum. A model of voltage hash as the random superposition of many anode spotting events is used to generate voltage fluctuations with statistics similar to the observed data. The experimental fluctuation statistics evolve with rising J2/m first away from Gaussian, and then back toward Gaussian, with the values of skewness and kurtosis peaking at J2/m ~ 110 kA2 · s/g; this behavior is the same for all three anode materials. Nonstationarity in the statistics is shown using high-speed video to be a result of unsteady anode evaporation. The statistics of modeled voltage hash are shown to be functions of the product of the frequency of anode spotting events and their duration, with the statistics becoming more Gaussian as this product grows. Comparison of experimental and model results suggests that, above J2/m ~ 110 kA2 · s/g, anode current conduction fragments into an increasing number of anode spots.
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U2 - 10.2514/1.40847
DO - 10.2514/1.40847
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:68149148355
SN - 0748-4658
VL - 25
SP - 949
EP - 957
JO - Journal of Propulsion and Power
JF - Journal of Propulsion and Power
IS - 4
ER -