Coupling of alpha channeling to parallel wavenumber upshift in lower hybrid current drive

Although lower hybrid (LH) waves have been shown to be effective in driving plasma current in present-day tokamaks, they are predicted to strongly interact with the energetic α particles born from fusion reactions in eventual tokamak reactors. However, in the presence of the expected steep α particle birth gradient, this interaction can produce wave amplification rather than wave damping. Here, we identify the flexibilities and constraints in achieving this amplification effect through a consideration of symmetries in the channeling interaction, in the wave propagation, and in the tokamak field configuration. Interestingly, for standard LH current drive that supports the poloidal magnetic field, we find that wave amplification through α channeling is fundamentally coupled to the poorly understood | k ¥ | upshift. In so doing, we show that wave launch from the tokamak high-field side is favorable both for α-channeling and for achieving the | k ¥ | upshift.