Cosmic-muon flux and annual modulation in Borexino at 3800 m water-equivalent depth

G. Bellini, Jay Burton Benziger, D. Bick, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, M. Buizza Avanzini, B. Caccianiga, L. Cadonati, Frank Calaprice, C. Carraro, P. Cavalcante, A. Chavarria, A. Chepurnov, D. D'Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Etenko, F. Von Feilitzsch, K. Fomenko, D. FrancoCristiano Galbiati, S. Gazzana, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, M. Goeger-Neff, A. Goretti, L. Grandi, E. Guardincerri, C. Hagner, S. Hardy, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, D. Korablev, G. Korga, Y. Koshio, D. Kryn, M. Laubenstein, T. Lewke, E. Litvinovich, B. Loer, F. Lombardi, P. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, I. MacHulin, S. Manecki, W. Maneschg, G. Manuzio, Q. Meindl, E. Meroni, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, D. Montanari, P. Mosteiro, V. Muratova, L. Oberauer, M. Obolensky, F. Ortica, K. Otis, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, L. Perasso, S. Perasso, A. Pocar, R. S. Raghavan, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, A. Romani, A. Sabelnikov, R. Saldanha, C. Salvo, S. Schönert, H. Simgen, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, S. Sukhotin, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, D. Vignaud, R. B. Vogelaar, J. Winter, M. Wojcik, A. Wright, M. Wurm, J. Xu, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, G. Zuzel

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Abstract

We have measured the muon flux at the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory (3800 m w.e.) to be (3.41±0.01)ċ10 -4m -2s -1 using four years of Borexino data. A modulation of this signal is observed with a period of (366±3) days and a relative amplitude of (1.29±0.07)%. The measured phase is (179±6) days, corresponding to a maximum on the 28 th of June. Using the most complete atmospheric data models available, muon rate fluctuations are shown to be positively correlated with atmospheric temperature, with an effective coefficient α T = 0.93±0.04. This result represents the most precise study of the muon flux modulation for this site and is in good agreement with expectations.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number015
JournalJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Volume2012
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2012

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics

Keywords

  • neutrino detectors
  • neutrino experiments

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