Coronal mass ejections at high heliographic latitudes: Ulysses

Nine coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been detected in the solar wind by the Ulysses plasma experiment between 31° and 61° South. One of these events, which was also a magnetic cloud, was directly associated with an event observed by the soft X-ray telescope on Yohkoh in which large magnetic loops formed in the solar corona directly beneath Ulysses. This association suggests that the flux rope topology of the magnetic cloud resulted from reconnection between the "legs" of neighboring magnetic loops within the rising CME. The average CME speed (∼740 km s^-1) at these latitudes was comparable to that of the normal solar wind there and is much greater than average CME speeds observed either in the solar wind in the ecliptic plane or in the corona close to the Sun. We suggest that the same basic acceleration process applies to both slow CMEs and the normal solar wind at any latitude.