Abstract
Multi-energy soft x-ray pinhole cameras have been designed, built, calibrated, and operated at Madison symmetric Torus, Alcator C-Mod, and more recently at Tokamak a configuration variable and Tungsten Environment in Steady-State Tokamak (WEST), to measure plasma emission across multiple energy ranges. Here we describe a new methodology to estimate the local continuum radiated power density and the plasma effective charge ((Formula presented) (Formula presented)) directly from photon-counting measurements of the line-free continuum emission (Bremsstrahlung and Radiative Recombination) in several energy bands between 11 and 18 keV. This capability is particularly valuable for confinement systems using metal plasma-facing components, where x-ray losses from interactions with the sputtered wall can represent a significant fraction of the total radiated power ((Formula presented) (Formula presented)). The approach leverages a well-characterized detector responsivity, modeled by a complementary error function, and interprets the differential multi-energy measurements between adjacent energy levels through the probability density function of a Gaussian distribution. The implementation of this diagnostic technique is currently under development on the WEST tokamak, aiming at the goal of providing real-time (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) (Formula presented) measurements during long-pulse operation (up to 1000 s) in the 2026 campaign.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Journal | Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion |
| Volume | 68 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 2026 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering
- Condensed Matter Physics
Keywords
- WEST
- continuum
- long pulse operation
- multi-energy
- radiated power
- x-rays
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