Connectomics of predicted Sst transcriptomic types in mouse visual cortex

Neural circuit function is shaped both by the cell types that comprise the circuit and the connections between them¹. Neural cell types have previously been defined by morphology^2,3, electrophysiology⁴, transcriptomic expression^5,6, connectivity^{7, 8–9} or a combination of such modalities^{10, 11–12}. The Patch-seq technique enables the characterization of morphology, electrophysiology and transcriptomic properties from individual cells^{13, 14–15}. These properties were integrated to define 28 inhibitory, morpho-electric-transcriptomic (MET) cell types in mouse visual cortex¹⁶, which do not include synaptic connectivity. Conversely, large-scale electron microscopy (EM) enables morphological reconstruction and a near-complete description of a neuron’s local synaptic connectivity, but does not include transcriptomic or electrophysiological information. Here, we leveraged morphological information from Patch-seq to predict the transcriptomically defined cell subclass and/or MET-type of inhibitory neurons within a large-scale EM dataset. We further analysed Martinotti cells—a somatostatin (Sst)-positive¹⁷ morphological cell type^18,19—which were classified successfully into Sst MET-types with distinct axon myelination and synaptic output connectivity patterns. We demonstrate that morphological features can be used to link cell types across experimental modalities, enabling further comparison of connectivity to gene expression and electrophysiology. We observe unique connectivity rules for predicted Sst cell types.