@article{1b63956ae43c41d5a685fdfe1d614e78,
title = "Connections between groundwater flow and transpiration partitioning",
abstract = "Understanding freshwater fluxes at continental scales will help us better predict hydrologic response and manage our terrestrial water resources. The partitioning of evapotranspiration into bare soil evaporation and plant transpiration remains a key uncertainty in the terrestrial water balance. We used integrated hydrologic simulations that couple vegetation and land-energy processes with surface and subsurface hydrology to study transpiration partitioning at the continental scale. Both latent heat flux and partitioning are connected to water table depth, and including lateral groundwater flow in the model increases transpiration partitioning from 47 ± 13 to 62 ± 12%. This suggests that lateral groundwater flow, which is generally simplified or excluded in Earth system models, may provide a missing link for reconciling observations and global models of terrestrial water fluxes.",
author = "Maxwell, {Reed M.} and Condon, {Laura E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Biological and Environmental Sciences IDEAS project. All simulations were made possible through high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors declare no financial conflicts. We thank M. M. Forrester for development and presentation of the graphics in figs. S1 and S6, L. Bearup for review comments, A. Bandler for assistance with surface water data processing, and D. Osei-Kuffuor for assistance with the analytical Jacobian. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. All simulation data, models, and inputs are archived and are available. Specific versions of ParFlow are archived with complete documentation and may be downloaded at (http://inside.mines.edu/∼rmaxwell/maxwell-software.shtml) or checked out from a commercially hosted, free SVN repository and GITHUB; r730 was the version used in this study. The input data and simulations presented here are available as supplementary materials on Science Online. R.M.M. and L.E.C. designed the study and prepared the input data; R.M.M. ran the numerical experiments; L.E.C. developed the model-observation comparison framework and metrics; and R.M.M. and L.E.C. synthesized the results, made the figures, and wrote the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2016 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.",
year = "2016",
month = jul,
day = "22",
doi = "10.1126/science.aaf7891",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "353",
pages = "377--380",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6297",
}