@article{c57c415ad670432ab219319f34f5f418,
title = "Co-Optimizing Battery Storage for the Frequency Regulation and Energy Arbitrage Using Multi-Scale Dynamic Programming",
abstract = "We are interested in optimizing the use of battery storage for multiple applications, in particular energy arbitrage and frequency regulation. The nature of this problem requires the battery to make charging and discharging decisions at different time scales while accounting for the stochastic information such as load demand, electricity prices, and regulation signals. Solving the problem for even a single-day operation would be computationally intractable due to the large state space and the number of time steps. We propose a dynamic programming approach that takes advantage of the nested structure of the problem by solving smaller subproblems with reduced state spaces, over different time scales.",
keywords = "Energy storage, dynamic programming, energy arbitrage, frequency regulation",
author = "Bolong Cheng and Powell, {Warren Buckler}",
note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received September 27, 2015; revised October 7, 2015, March 29, 2016, and July 11, 2016; accepted August 8, 2016. Date of publication September 1, 2016; date of current version April 19, 2018. This work was supported in part by the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-1127975, and in part by the SAP Initiative for Energy Systems Research. Paper no. TSG-01223-2015. Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-1127975, and in part by the SAP Initiative for Energy Systems Research. Paper no. TSG-01223-2015. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.",
year = "2018",
month = may,
doi = "10.1109/TSG.2016.2605141",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
pages = "1997--2005",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid",
issn = "1949-3053",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "3",
}