CHARIS science: Performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation

Timothy D. Brandt; Michael W. McElwain; Markus Janson; Gillian R. Knapp; Kyle Mede; Mary A. Limbach; Tyler Groff; Adam S. Burrows; James E. Gunn; Olivier Guyon; Jun Hashimoto; Masahiko Hayashi; Nemanja Jovanovic; N. Jeremy Kasdin; Masayuki Kuzuhara; Robert H. Lupton; Frantz Martinache; Satoko Sorahana; David S. Spiegel; Naruhisa Takato; Motohide Tamura; Edwin Lewis Turner; Robert Joseph Vanderbei; John Wisniewski

doi:10.1117/12.2057256

CHARIS science: Performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation

Timothy D. Brandt, Michael W. McElwain, Markus Janson, Gillian R. Knapp, Kyle Mede, Mary A. Limbach, Tyler Groff, Adam S. Burrows, James E. Gunn, Olivier Guyon, Jun Hashimoto, Masahiko Hayashi, Nemanja Jovanovic, N. Jeremy Kasdin, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Robert H. Lupton, Frantz Martinache, Satoko Sorahana, David S. Spiegel, Naruhisa TakatoMotohide Tamura, Edwin Lewis Turner, Robert Joseph Vanderbei, John Wisniewski

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

We describe the expected scientific capabilities of CHARIS, a high-contrast integral-field spectrograph (IFS) currently under construction for the Subaru telescope. CHARIS is part of a new generation of instruments, enabled by extreme adaptive optics (AO) systems (including SCExAO at Subaru), that promise greatly improved contrasts at small angular separation thanks to their ability to use spectral information to distinguish planets from quasistatic speckles in the stellar point-spread function (PSF). CHARIS is similar in concept to GPI and SPHERE, on Gemini South and the Very Large Telescope, respectively, but will be unique in its ability to simultaneously cover the entire near-infrared J, H, and K bands with a low-resolution mode. This extraordinarily broad wavelength coverage will enable spectral differential imaging down to angular separations of a few λ/D, corresponding to ∼0".1. SCExAO will also offer contrast approaching 10-5 at similar separations, ∼0".1-0".2. The discovery yield of a CHARIS survey will depend on the exoplanet distribution function at around 10 AU. If the distribution of planets discovered by radial velocity surveys extends unchanged to ∼20 AU, observations of ∼200 mostly young, nearby stars targeted by existing high-contrast instruments might find ∼1-3 planets. Carefully optimizing the target sample could improve this yield by a factor of a few, while an upturn in frequency at a few AU could also increase the number of detections. CHARIS, with a higher spectral resolution mode of R ∼ 75, will also be among the best instruments to characterize planets and brown dwarfs like HR 8799 cde and κ and b.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Adaptive Optics Systems IV
Editors	Jean-Pierre Veran, Enrico Marchetti, Laird M. Close
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Electronic)	9780819496164
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057256
State	Published - 2014
Event	Adaptive Optics Systems IV - Montreal, Canada Duration: Jun 22 2014 → Jun 27 2014

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	9148
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Other

Other	Adaptive Optics Systems IV
Country/Territory	Canada
City	Montreal
Period	6/22/14 → 6/27/14

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics
Computer Science Applications
Applied Mathematics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Keywords

Adaptive Optics
Coronagraphy
Exoplanets
High Contrast Imaging
Integral Field Spectrograph

Access to Document

10.1117/12.2057256

Cite this

Brandt, T. D., McElwain, M. W., Janson, M., Knapp, G. R., Mede, K., Limbach, M. A., Groff, T., Burrows, A. S., Gunn, J. E., Guyon, O., Hashimoto, J., Hayashi, M., Jovanovic, N., Kasdin, N. J., Kuzuhara, M., Lupton, R. H., Martinache, F., Sorahana, S., Spiegel, D. S., ... Wisniewski, J. (2014). CHARIS science: Performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation. In J.-P. Veran, E. Marchetti, & L. M. Close (Eds.), Adaptive Optics Systems IV Article 914849 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 9148). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057256

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title = "CHARIS science: Performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation",

abstract = "We describe the expected scientific capabilities of CHARIS, a high-contrast integral-field spectrograph (IFS) currently under construction for the Subaru telescope. CHARIS is part of a new generation of instruments, enabled by extreme adaptive optics (AO) systems (including SCExAO at Subaru), that promise greatly improved contrasts at small angular separation thanks to their ability to use spectral information to distinguish planets from quasistatic speckles in the stellar point-spread function (PSF). CHARIS is similar in concept to GPI and SPHERE, on Gemini South and the Very Large Telescope, respectively, but will be unique in its ability to simultaneously cover the entire near-infrared J, H, and K bands with a low-resolution mode. This extraordinarily broad wavelength coverage will enable spectral differential imaging down to angular separations of a few λ/D, corresponding to ∼0{"}.1. SCExAO will also offer contrast approaching 10-5 at similar separations, ∼0{"}.1-0{"}.2. The discovery yield of a CHARIS survey will depend on the exoplanet distribution function at around 10 AU. If the distribution of planets discovered by radial velocity surveys extends unchanged to ∼20 AU, observations of ∼200 mostly young, nearby stars targeted by existing high-contrast instruments might find ∼1-3 planets. Carefully optimizing the target sample could improve this yield by a factor of a few, while an upturn in frequency at a few AU could also increase the number of detections. CHARIS, with a higher spectral resolution mode of R ∼ 75, will also be among the best instruments to characterize planets and brown dwarfs like HR 8799 cde and κ and b.",

keywords = "Adaptive Optics, Coronagraphy, Exoplanets, High Contrast Imaging, Integral Field Spectrograph",

author = "Brandt, {Timothy D.} and McElwain, {Michael W.} and Markus Janson and Knapp, {Gillian R.} and Kyle Mede and Limbach, {Mary A.} and Tyler Groff and Burrows, {Adam S.} and Gunn, {James E.} and Olivier Guyon and Jun Hashimoto and Masahiko Hayashi and Nemanja Jovanovic and Kasdin, {N. Jeremy} and Masayuki Kuzuhara and Lupton, {Robert H.} and Frantz Martinache and Satoko Sorahana and Spiegel, {David S.} and Naruhisa Takato and Motohide Tamura and Turner, {Edwin Lewis} and Vanderbei, {Robert Joseph} and John Wisniewski",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 SPIE.; Adaptive Optics Systems IV ; Conference date: 22-06-2014 Through 27-06-2014",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1117/12.2057256",

language = "English (US)",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE",

editor = "Jean-Pierre Veran and Enrico Marchetti and Close, {Laird M.}",

booktitle = "Adaptive Optics Systems IV",

address = "United States",

}

Brandt, TD, McElwain, MW, Janson, M, Knapp, GR, Mede, K, Limbach, MA, Groff, T, Burrows, AS, Gunn, JE, Guyon, O, Hashimoto, J, Hayashi, M, Jovanovic, N, Kasdin, NJ, Kuzuhara, M, Lupton, RH, Martinache, F, Sorahana, S, Spiegel, DS, Takato, N, Tamura, M, Turner, EL, Vanderbei, RJ & Wisniewski, J 2014, CHARIS science: Performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation. in J-P Veran, E Marchetti & LM Close (eds), Adaptive Optics Systems IV., 914849, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 9148, SPIE, Adaptive Optics Systems IV, Montreal, Canada, 6/22/14. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057256

CHARIS science: Performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation. / Brandt, Timothy D.; McElwain, Michael W.; Janson, Markus et al.
Adaptive Optics Systems IV. ed. / Jean-Pierre Veran; Enrico Marchetti; Laird M. Close. SPIE, 2014. 914849 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 9148).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

T1 - CHARIS science

T2 - Adaptive Optics Systems IV

AU - Brandt, Timothy D.

AU - McElwain, Michael W.

AU - Janson, Markus

AU - Knapp, Gillian R.

AU - Mede, Kyle

AU - Limbach, Mary A.

AU - Groff, Tyler

AU - Burrows, Adam S.

AU - Gunn, James E.

AU - Guyon, Olivier

AU - Hashimoto, Jun

AU - Hayashi, Masahiko

AU - Jovanovic, Nemanja

AU - Kasdin, N. Jeremy

AU - Kuzuhara, Masayuki

AU - Lupton, Robert H.

AU - Martinache, Frantz

AU - Sorahana, Satoko

AU - Spiegel, David S.

AU - Takato, Naruhisa

AU - Tamura, Motohide

AU - Turner, Edwin Lewis

AU - Vanderbei, Robert Joseph

AU - Wisniewski, John

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - We describe the expected scientific capabilities of CHARIS, a high-contrast integral-field spectrograph (IFS) currently under construction for the Subaru telescope. CHARIS is part of a new generation of instruments, enabled by extreme adaptive optics (AO) systems (including SCExAO at Subaru), that promise greatly improved contrasts at small angular separation thanks to their ability to use spectral information to distinguish planets from quasistatic speckles in the stellar point-spread function (PSF). CHARIS is similar in concept to GPI and SPHERE, on Gemini South and the Very Large Telescope, respectively, but will be unique in its ability to simultaneously cover the entire near-infrared J, H, and K bands with a low-resolution mode. This extraordinarily broad wavelength coverage will enable spectral differential imaging down to angular separations of a few λ/D, corresponding to ∼0".1. SCExAO will also offer contrast approaching 10-5 at similar separations, ∼0".1-0".2. The discovery yield of a CHARIS survey will depend on the exoplanet distribution function at around 10 AU. If the distribution of planets discovered by radial velocity surveys extends unchanged to ∼20 AU, observations of ∼200 mostly young, nearby stars targeted by existing high-contrast instruments might find ∼1-3 planets. Carefully optimizing the target sample could improve this yield by a factor of a few, while an upturn in frequency at a few AU could also increase the number of detections. CHARIS, with a higher spectral resolution mode of R ∼ 75, will also be among the best instruments to characterize planets and brown dwarfs like HR 8799 cde and κ and b.

AB - We describe the expected scientific capabilities of CHARIS, a high-contrast integral-field spectrograph (IFS) currently under construction for the Subaru telescope. CHARIS is part of a new generation of instruments, enabled by extreme adaptive optics (AO) systems (including SCExAO at Subaru), that promise greatly improved contrasts at small angular separation thanks to their ability to use spectral information to distinguish planets from quasistatic speckles in the stellar point-spread function (PSF). CHARIS is similar in concept to GPI and SPHERE, on Gemini South and the Very Large Telescope, respectively, but will be unique in its ability to simultaneously cover the entire near-infrared J, H, and K bands with a low-resolution mode. This extraordinarily broad wavelength coverage will enable spectral differential imaging down to angular separations of a few λ/D, corresponding to ∼0".1. SCExAO will also offer contrast approaching 10-5 at similar separations, ∼0".1-0".2. The discovery yield of a CHARIS survey will depend on the exoplanet distribution function at around 10 AU. If the distribution of planets discovered by radial velocity surveys extends unchanged to ∼20 AU, observations of ∼200 mostly young, nearby stars targeted by existing high-contrast instruments might find ∼1-3 planets. Carefully optimizing the target sample could improve this yield by a factor of a few, while an upturn in frequency at a few AU could also increase the number of detections. CHARIS, with a higher spectral resolution mode of R ∼ 75, will also be among the best instruments to characterize planets and brown dwarfs like HR 8799 cde and κ and b.

KW - Adaptive Optics

KW - Coronagraphy

KW - Exoplanets

KW - High Contrast Imaging

KW - Integral Field Spectrograph

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84922698253&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84922698253&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1117/12.2057256

DO - 10.1117/12.2057256

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:84922698253

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Adaptive Optics Systems IV

A2 - Veran, Jean-Pierre

A2 - Marchetti, Enrico

A2 - Close, Laird M.

PB - SPIE

Y2 - 22 June 2014 through 27 June 2014

ER -

Brandt TD, McElwain MW, Janson M, Knapp GR, Mede K, Limbach MA et al. CHARIS science: Performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation. In Veran JP, Marchetti E, Close LM, editors, Adaptive Optics Systems IV. SPIE. 2014. 914849. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2057256

CHARIS science: Performance simulations for the Subaru Telescope's third-generation of exoplanet imaging instrumentation

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