@article{70d3ac171c4c45459b14802ae1f870b9,
title = "Cerebellar granule cells acquire a widespread predictive feedback signal during motor learning",
abstract = "Cerebellar granule cells, which constitute half the brain's neurons, supply Purkinje cells with contextual information necessary for motor learning, but how they encode this information is unknown. Here we show, using two-photon microscopy to track neural activity over multiple days of cerebellum-dependent eyeblink conditioning in mice, that granule cell populations acquire a dense representation of the anticipatory eyelid movement. Initially, granule cells responded to neutral visual and somatosensory stimuli as well as periorbital airpuffs used for training. As learning progressed, two-thirds of monitored granule cells acquired a conditional response whose timing matched or preceded the learned eyelid movements. Granule cell activity covaried trial by trial to form a redundant code. Many granule cells were also active during movements of nearby body structures. Thus, a predictive signal about the upcoming movement is widely available at the input stage of the cerebellar cortex, as required by forward models of cerebellar control.",
author = "Andrea Giovannucci and Aleksandra Badura and Ben Deverett and Farzaneh Najafi and Pereira, {Talmo D.} and Zhenyu Gao and Ilker Ozden and Kloth, {Alexander D.} and Eftychios Pnevmatikakis and Liam Paninski and {De Zeeuw}, {Chris I.} and Medina, {Javier F.} and Wang, {Samuel S.H.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01 NS045193 (S.W.) and R01 MH093727 (J.M.), New Jersey Council on Brain Injury Research fellowship CBIR12FEL031 (A.G.), the Searle Scholars program (J.M.), DARPA N66001-15-C-4032 (L.P.), National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-1148900 (T.P.), the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation (S.W.), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Innovational Research Incentives Scheme Veni; A.B. and Z.G.), the Dutch Fundamental Organization for Medical Sciences (ZonMW; C.I.D.Z.), Life Sciences (NWO-ALW; C.I.D.Z.) and Social and Behavioral Sciences (NWO-MAGW; C.I.D.Z.), as well as ERC-adv and ERC-POC (C.I.D.Z.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Nature America, Inc., part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.",
year = "2017",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/nn.4531",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "20",
pages = "727--734",
journal = "Nature Neuroscience",
issn = "1097-6256",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "5",
}