TY - JOUR
T1 - Ceramic Water Filters for the Removal of Bacterial, Chemical, and Viral Contaminants
AU - Nigay, Pierre Marie
AU - Salifu, Ali A.
AU - Obayemi, John D.
AU - White, Claire Emily
AU - Nzihou, Ange
AU - Soboyejo, Winston O.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the CARNOT Mines Institute, the SOLSTICE Laboratory of Excellence, the RAPSODEE Research Center at Mines Albi, and the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Biology and Biotechnology at Worcester Polytechnic Institute for financial support. The authors are also grateful to the management and staff of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment at Princeton University for their assistance with the research. Dr. Alex Maag is also thanked for performing the gas sorption analyses in this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
PY - 2019/10/1
Y1 - 2019/10/1
N2 - In this study, the combination of capture mechanisms in ceramic water filters (doped with hydroxyapatite and alumina) was considered for the removal of contaminants from drinking water. It was found that hydroxyapatite and alumina were conserved during the firing process of the ceramic water filters up to 950°C. The nanopores resulting from the conservation of the additives increased the specific surface area of the ceramic water filters from 3.7 to 21.0 m2·g-1. On the other hand, the microscopic pores associated with the processing of the ceramic water filters (i.e., pressing and drying) and the combustion of the sawdust reduced the filtration time from 24 to 4 h. The efficiency of the resulting filters in removing bacterial, chemical, and viral contaminants from water was investigated using E. coli, fluoride, and MS2 as model contaminants. The contaminants were found to be captured from water by trapping in the pores, substitution in the hydroxyapatite, and adsorption on the surface of alumina. Hence, the ceramic water filters incorporating hydroxyapatite and alumina combined the different capture mechanisms. They had an efficiency of 99.998%, 99.970%, and 99.450% in the removal of bacterial, chemical, and viral contaminants, corresponding to log reduction values (LRVs) of 4.69, 3.47, and 2.26, respectively.
AB - In this study, the combination of capture mechanisms in ceramic water filters (doped with hydroxyapatite and alumina) was considered for the removal of contaminants from drinking water. It was found that hydroxyapatite and alumina were conserved during the firing process of the ceramic water filters up to 950°C. The nanopores resulting from the conservation of the additives increased the specific surface area of the ceramic water filters from 3.7 to 21.0 m2·g-1. On the other hand, the microscopic pores associated with the processing of the ceramic water filters (i.e., pressing and drying) and the combustion of the sawdust reduced the filtration time from 24 to 4 h. The efficiency of the resulting filters in removing bacterial, chemical, and viral contaminants from water was investigated using E. coli, fluoride, and MS2 as model contaminants. The contaminants were found to be captured from water by trapping in the pores, substitution in the hydroxyapatite, and adsorption on the surface of alumina. Hence, the ceramic water filters incorporating hydroxyapatite and alumina combined the different capture mechanisms. They had an efficiency of 99.998%, 99.970%, and 99.450% in the removal of bacterial, chemical, and viral contaminants, corresponding to log reduction values (LRVs) of 4.69, 3.47, and 2.26, respectively.
KW - Bacteria
KW - Ceramic water filters
KW - Chemicals
KW - Household water treatment
KW - Viruses
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U2 - 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001579
DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001579
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85070997410
SN - 0733-9372
VL - 145
JO - Journal of Environmental Engineering (United States)
JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering (United States)
IS - 10
M1 - 04019066
ER -