@article{d193d0eef1e2401b9003ede7cb0f2f03,
title = "Cell Membranes Resist Flow",
abstract = "The fluid-mosaic model posits a liquid-like plasma membrane, which can flow in response to tension gradients. It is widely assumed that membrane flow transmits local changes in membrane tension across the cell in milliseconds, mediating long-range signaling. Here, we show that propagation of membrane tension occurs quickly in cell-attached blebs but is largely suppressed in intact cells. The failure of tension to propagate in cells is explained by a fluid dynamical model that incorporates the flow resistance from cytoskeleton-bound transmembrane proteins. Perturbations to tension propagate diffusively, with a diffusion coefficient Dσ ∼0.024 μm2/s in HeLa cells. In primary endothelial cells, local increases in membrane tension lead only to local activation of mechanosensitive ion channels and to local vesicle fusion. Thus, membrane tension is not a mediator of long-range intracellular signaling, but local variations in tension mediate distinct processes in sub-cellular domains.",
keywords = "cell mechanics, membrane signaling, membrane tension, porous media, rheology",
author = "Zheng Shi and Graber, {Zachary T.} and Tobias Baumgart and Stone, {Howard A.} and Cohen, {Adam E.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Shahinoor Begum and Melinda Lee for help with neuron culture. We thank Katherine Williams, He Tian, Peng Zou, Yoav Adam, Linlin Fan, Sami Farhi, and Veena Venkatachalam for help with molecular cloning and plasmid preparation. We thank Sean Buchanan from Lee Rubin{\textquoteright}s lab and Harry McNamara for providing primary mouse brain endothelial cells and giving advice on the culturing protocols. We thank Xiaowei Zhuang{\textquoteright}s lab for providing NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. We thank Guido Guidotti, Boris Martinac, Charles Cox, Allen Liu, and Comert Kural for helpful comments. This work was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute . Z.T.G. and T.B. were supported by NIH grant R01 GM 09755 and NIH grant U54CA193417 . H.A.S. was supported by NSF grants CBET-1509347 and DMS 1614907 . Funding Information: We thank Shahinoor Begum and Melinda Lee for help with neuron culture. We thank Katherine Williams, He Tian, Peng Zou, Yoav Adam, Linlin Fan, Sami Farhi, and Veena Venkatachalam for help with molecular cloning and plasmid preparation. We thank Sean Buchanan from Lee Rubin's lab and Harry McNamara for providing primary mouse brain endothelial cells and giving advice on the culturing protocols. We thank Xiaowei Zhuang's lab for providing NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. We thank Guido Guidotti, Boris Martinac, Charles Cox, Allen Liu, and Comert Kural for helpful comments. This work was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Z.T.G. and T.B. were supported by NIH grant R01 GM 09755 and NIH grant U54CA193417. H.A.S. was supported by NSF grants CBET-1509347 and DMS 1614907. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.054",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "175",
pages = "1769--1779.e13",
journal = "Cell",
issn = "0092-8674",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "7",
}