Cardiac proteomics reveals sex chromosome-dependent differences between males and females that arise prior to gonad formation

Wei Shi, Xinlei Sheng, Kerry M. Dorr, Josiah E. Hutton, James I. Emerson, Haley A. Davies, Tia D. Andrade, Lauren K. Wasson, Todd M. Greco, Yutaka Hashimoto, Joel D. Federspiel, Zachary L. Robbe, Xuqi Chen, Arthur P. Arnold, Ileana M. Cristea, Frank L. Conlon

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

43 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sex disparities in cardiac homeostasis and heart disease are well documented, with differences attributed to actions of sex hormones. However, studies have indicated sex chromosomes act outside of the gonads to function without mediation by gonadal hormones. Here, we performed transcriptional and proteomics profiling to define differences between male and female mouse hearts. We demonstrate, contrary to current dogma, cardiac sex disparities are controlled not only by sex hormones but also through a sex-chromosome mechanism. Using Turner syndrome (XO) and Klinefelter (XXY) models, we find the sex-chromosome pathway is established by X-linked gene dosage. We demonstrate cardiac sex disparities occur at the earliest stages of heart formation, a period before gonad formation. Using these datasets, we identify and define a role for alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG), showing loss of A1BG leads to cardiac defects in females, but not males. These studies provide resources for studying sex-biased cardiac disease states.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3019-3034.e7
JournalDevelopmental cell
Volume56
Issue number21
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 8 2021

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Molecular Biology
  • General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Keywords

  • A1BG
  • cardiac sex differences
  • gonadal hormones
  • proteomics
  • sex chromosomes

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