Carbon and water cycling in a Bornean tropical rainforest under current and future climate scenarios

Tomo'omi Kumagai; Gabriel G. Katul; Amilcare Michele M. Porporato; Taku M. Saitoh; Mizue Ohashi; Tomoaki Ichie; Masakazu Suzuki

doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.10.002

Carbon and water cycling in a Bornean tropical rainforest under current and future climate scenarios

Tomo'omi Kumagai, Gabriel G. Katul, Amilcare Michele M. Porporato, Taku M. Saitoh, Mizue Ohashi, Tomoaki Ichie, Masakazu Suzuki

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29 Scopus citations

Abstract

We examined how the projected increase in atmospheric CO₂ and concomitant shifts in air temperature and precipitation affect water and carbon fluxes in an Asian tropical rainforest, using a combination of field measurements, simplified hydrological and carbon models, and Global Climate Model (GCM) projections. The model links the canopy photosynthetic flux with transpiration via a bulk canopy conductance and semi-empirical models of intercellular CO₂ concentration, with the transpiration rate determined from a hydrologic balance model. The primary forcing to the hydrologic model are current and projected rainfall statistics. A main novelty in this analysis is that the effect of increased air temperature on vapor pressure deficit (D) and the effects of shifts in precipitation statistics on net radiation are explicitly considered. The model is validated against field measurements conducted in a tropical rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia under current climate conditions. On the basis of this model and projected shifts in climatic statistics by GCM, we compute the probability distribution of soil moisture and other hydrologic fluxes. Regardless of projected and computed shifts in soil moisture, radiation and mean air temperature, transpiration was not appreciably altered. Despite increases in atmospheric CO₂ concentration (C_a) and unchanged transpiration, canopy photosynthesis does not significantly increase if C_i/C_a is assumed constant independent of D (where C_i is the bulk canopy intercellular CO₂ concentration). However, photosynthesis increased by a factor of 1.5 if C_i/C_a decreased linearly with D as derived from Leuning stomatal conductance formulation [R. Leuning. Plant Cell Environ 1995;18:339-55]. How elevated atmospheric CO₂ alters the relationship between C_i/C_a and D needs to be further investigated under elevated atmospheric CO₂ given its consequence on photosynthesis (and concomitant carbon sink) projections.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1135-1150
Number of pages	16
Journal	Advances in Water Resources
Volume	27
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.10.002
State	Published - Dec 2004

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Water Science and Technology

Keywords

Elevated CO
Photosynthesis
Stochastic processes
Transpiration
Tropical rainforest
Water balance

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10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.10.002

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@article{322a6ffb36f14f09be43b238a9393165,

title = "Carbon and water cycling in a Bornean tropical rainforest under current and future climate scenarios",

abstract = "We examined how the projected increase in atmospheric CO2 and concomitant shifts in air temperature and precipitation affect water and carbon fluxes in an Asian tropical rainforest, using a combination of field measurements, simplified hydrological and carbon models, and Global Climate Model (GCM) projections. The model links the canopy photosynthetic flux with transpiration via a bulk canopy conductance and semi-empirical models of intercellular CO2 concentration, with the transpiration rate determined from a hydrologic balance model. The primary forcing to the hydrologic model are current and projected rainfall statistics. A main novelty in this analysis is that the effect of increased air temperature on vapor pressure deficit (D) and the effects of shifts in precipitation statistics on net radiation are explicitly considered. The model is validated against field measurements conducted in a tropical rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia under current climate conditions. On the basis of this model and projected shifts in climatic statistics by GCM, we compute the probability distribution of soil moisture and other hydrologic fluxes. Regardless of projected and computed shifts in soil moisture, radiation and mean air temperature, transpiration was not appreciably altered. Despite increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) and unchanged transpiration, canopy photosynthesis does not significantly increase if Ci/Ca is assumed constant independent of D (where Ci is the bulk canopy intercellular CO2 concentration). However, photosynthesis increased by a factor of 1.5 if Ci/Ca decreased linearly with D as derived from Leuning stomatal conductance formulation [R. Leuning. Plant Cell Environ 1995;18:339-55]. How elevated atmospheric CO2 alters the relationship between Ci/Ca and D needs to be further investigated under elevated atmospheric CO2 given its consequence on photosynthesis (and concomitant carbon sink) projections.",

keywords = "Elevated CO, Photosynthesis, Stochastic processes, Transpiration, Tropical rainforest, Water balance",

author = "Tomo'omi Kumagai and Katul, {Gabriel G.} and Porporato, {Amilcare Michele M.} and Saitoh, {Taku M.} and Mizue Ohashi and Tomoaki Ichie and Masakazu Suzuki",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Hua Seng Lee and Lucy Chong for providing the opportunity for this study. This work has been supported by CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) of JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) and a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan (#13760120). We thank Tohru Nakashizuka for his support and the many colleagues who helped us with this work. Tomo{\textquoteright}omi Kumagai and Gabriel Katul would like to thank Ram Oren for his useful critique. Gabriel Katul acknowledges support from Duke University{\textquoteright}s Center on Global Change, the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR and NSF-DMS), and the Department of Energy through their Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program, the Southeast Regional Center (SERC) of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC), and the DOE Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program (TCP) and the FACE project. Amilcare Porporato was supported by the DOE-NIGEC (Great Plains Regional Center) grant DE-FC02-03ER63613. ",

year = "2004",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.10.002",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "27",

pages = "1135--1150",

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T1 - Carbon and water cycling in a Bornean tropical rainforest under current and future climate scenarios

AU - Kumagai, Tomo'omi

AU - Katul, Gabriel G.

AU - Porporato, Amilcare Michele M.

AU - Saitoh, Taku M.

AU - Ohashi, Mizue

AU - Ichie, Tomoaki

AU - Suzuki, Masakazu

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Hua Seng Lee and Lucy Chong for providing the opportunity for this study. This work has been supported by CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) of JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) and a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan (#13760120). We thank Tohru Nakashizuka for his support and the many colleagues who helped us with this work. Tomo’omi Kumagai and Gabriel Katul would like to thank Ram Oren for his useful critique. Gabriel Katul acknowledges support from Duke University’s Center on Global Change, the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR and NSF-DMS), and the Department of Energy through their Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program, the Southeast Regional Center (SERC) of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC), and the DOE Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program (TCP) and the FACE project. Amilcare Porporato was supported by the DOE-NIGEC (Great Plains Regional Center) grant DE-FC02-03ER63613.

PY - 2004/12

Y1 - 2004/12

N2 - We examined how the projected increase in atmospheric CO2 and concomitant shifts in air temperature and precipitation affect water and carbon fluxes in an Asian tropical rainforest, using a combination of field measurements, simplified hydrological and carbon models, and Global Climate Model (GCM) projections. The model links the canopy photosynthetic flux with transpiration via a bulk canopy conductance and semi-empirical models of intercellular CO2 concentration, with the transpiration rate determined from a hydrologic balance model. The primary forcing to the hydrologic model are current and projected rainfall statistics. A main novelty in this analysis is that the effect of increased air temperature on vapor pressure deficit (D) and the effects of shifts in precipitation statistics on net radiation are explicitly considered. The model is validated against field measurements conducted in a tropical rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia under current climate conditions. On the basis of this model and projected shifts in climatic statistics by GCM, we compute the probability distribution of soil moisture and other hydrologic fluxes. Regardless of projected and computed shifts in soil moisture, radiation and mean air temperature, transpiration was not appreciably altered. Despite increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) and unchanged transpiration, canopy photosynthesis does not significantly increase if Ci/Ca is assumed constant independent of D (where Ci is the bulk canopy intercellular CO2 concentration). However, photosynthesis increased by a factor of 1.5 if Ci/Ca decreased linearly with D as derived from Leuning stomatal conductance formulation [R. Leuning. Plant Cell Environ 1995;18:339-55]. How elevated atmospheric CO2 alters the relationship between Ci/Ca and D needs to be further investigated under elevated atmospheric CO2 given its consequence on photosynthesis (and concomitant carbon sink) projections.

AB - We examined how the projected increase in atmospheric CO2 and concomitant shifts in air temperature and precipitation affect water and carbon fluxes in an Asian tropical rainforest, using a combination of field measurements, simplified hydrological and carbon models, and Global Climate Model (GCM) projections. The model links the canopy photosynthetic flux with transpiration via a bulk canopy conductance and semi-empirical models of intercellular CO2 concentration, with the transpiration rate determined from a hydrologic balance model. The primary forcing to the hydrologic model are current and projected rainfall statistics. A main novelty in this analysis is that the effect of increased air temperature on vapor pressure deficit (D) and the effects of shifts in precipitation statistics on net radiation are explicitly considered. The model is validated against field measurements conducted in a tropical rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia under current climate conditions. On the basis of this model and projected shifts in climatic statistics by GCM, we compute the probability distribution of soil moisture and other hydrologic fluxes. Regardless of projected and computed shifts in soil moisture, radiation and mean air temperature, transpiration was not appreciably altered. Despite increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) and unchanged transpiration, canopy photosynthesis does not significantly increase if Ci/Ca is assumed constant independent of D (where Ci is the bulk canopy intercellular CO2 concentration). However, photosynthesis increased by a factor of 1.5 if Ci/Ca decreased linearly with D as derived from Leuning stomatal conductance formulation [R. Leuning. Plant Cell Environ 1995;18:339-55]. How elevated atmospheric CO2 alters the relationship between Ci/Ca and D needs to be further investigated under elevated atmospheric CO2 given its consequence on photosynthesis (and concomitant carbon sink) projections.

KW - Elevated CO

KW - Photosynthesis

KW - Stochastic processes

KW - Transpiration

KW - Tropical rainforest

KW - Water balance

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M3 - Article

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SN - 0309-1708

VL - 27

SP - 1135

EP - 1150

JO - Advances in Water Resources

JF - Advances in Water Resources

IS - 12

ER -

Carbon and water cycling in a Bornean tropical rainforest under current and future climate scenarios

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Keywords

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