Blazars as a potential origin of the KM3-230213A event

The KM3NeT collaboration

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033

Blazars as a potential origin of the KM3-230213A event

The KM3NeT collaboration

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

The KM3NeT collaboration has reported the detection of the highest energy neutrino event observed to date. The energy of the event is of the order of 220 PeV hinting towards a neutrino flux at the highest energies. In this article, the potential blazar origin for this event is explored. The publicly available Astro-Multimessenger Modeling software is used to model the blazar gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes. It is concluded that a population of blazars could produce the diffuse flux compatible with the observation of the ultra-high energy event detected by the KM3NeT/ARCA detector. At the same time, the gamma-ray flux produced by such a population of blazars is consistent with the diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	033
Journal	Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Volume	2026
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033
State	Published - Mar 2026

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Keywords

active galactic nuclei
neutrino astronomy
neutrino detectors
ultra high energy photons and neutrinos

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10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033

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title = "Blazars as a potential origin of the KM3-230213A event",

abstract = "The KM3NeT collaboration has reported the detection of the highest energy neutrino event observed to date. The energy of the event is of the order of 220 PeV hinting towards a neutrino flux at the highest energies. In this article, the potential blazar origin for this event is explored. The publicly available Astro-Multimessenger Modeling software is used to model the blazar gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes. It is concluded that a population of blazars could produce the diffuse flux compatible with the observation of the ultra-high energy event detected by the KM3NeT/ARCA detector. At the same time, the gamma-ray flux produced by such a population of blazars is consistent with the diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope.",

keywords = "active galactic nuclei, neutrino astronomy, neutrino detectors, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos",

author = "\{The KM3NeT collaboration\} and O. Adriani and A. Albert and Alhebsi, \{A. R.\} and S. Alshalloudi and \{Alves Garre\}, S. and A. Ambrosone and F. Ameli and M. Andre and L. Aphecetche and M. Ardid and S. Ardid and J. Aublin and F. Badaracco and L. Bailly-Salins and B. Baret and A. Bariego-Quintana and M. Barnard and Y. Becherini and M. Bendahman and \{Benfenati Gualandi\}, F. and M. Benhassi and Benoit, \{D. M.\} and Z. Be{\v n}u{\v s}ov{\'a} and E. Berbee and \{van Bergen\}, C. and E. Berti and V. Bertin and P. Betti and S. Biagi and M. Boettcher and D. Bonanno and M. Bond{\`i} and S. Bottai and Bouasla, \{A. B.\} and J. Boumaaza and M. Bouta and M. Bouwhuis and C. Bozza and Bozza, \{R. M.\} and H. Br{\^a}nza{\c s} and F. Bretaudeau and M. Breuhaus and R. Bruijn and J. Brunner and R. Bruno and E. Buis and R. Buompane and I. Burriel and J. Busto and C. Tully",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.",

year = "2026",

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doi = "10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033",

language = "English (US)",

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issn = "1475-7516",

publisher = "Institute of Physics",

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AU - The KM3NeT collaboration

AU - Adriani, O.

AU - Albert, A.

AU - Alhebsi, A. R.

AU - Alshalloudi, S.

AU - Alves Garre, S.

AU - Ambrosone, A.

AU - Ameli, F.

AU - Andre, M.

AU - Aphecetche, L.

AU - Ardid, M.

AU - Ardid, S.

AU - Aublin, J.

AU - Badaracco, F.

AU - Bailly-Salins, L.

AU - Baret, B.

AU - Bariego-Quintana, A.

AU - Barnard, M.

AU - Becherini, Y.

AU - Bendahman, M.

AU - Benfenati Gualandi, F.

AU - Benhassi, M.

AU - Benoit, D. M.

AU - Beňušová, Z.

AU - Berbee, E.

AU - van Bergen, C.

AU - Berti, E.

AU - Bertin, V.

AU - Betti, P.

AU - Biagi, S.

AU - Boettcher, M.

AU - Bonanno, D.

AU - Bondì, M.

AU - Bottai, S.

AU - Bouasla, A. B.

AU - Boumaaza, J.

AU - Bouta, M.

AU - Bouwhuis, M.

AU - Bozza, C.

AU - Bozza, R. M.

AU - Brânzaş, H.

AU - Bretaudeau, F.

AU - Breuhaus, M.

AU - Bruijn, R.

AU - Brunner, J.

AU - Bruno, R.

AU - Buis, E.

AU - Buompane, R.

AU - Burriel, I.

AU - Busto, J.

AU - Tully, C.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

PY - 2026/3

Y1 - 2026/3

N2 - The KM3NeT collaboration has reported the detection of the highest energy neutrino event observed to date. The energy of the event is of the order of 220 PeV hinting towards a neutrino flux at the highest energies. In this article, the potential blazar origin for this event is explored. The publicly available Astro-Multimessenger Modeling software is used to model the blazar gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes. It is concluded that a population of blazars could produce the diffuse flux compatible with the observation of the ultra-high energy event detected by the KM3NeT/ARCA detector. At the same time, the gamma-ray flux produced by such a population of blazars is consistent with the diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope.

AB - The KM3NeT collaboration has reported the detection of the highest energy neutrino event observed to date. The energy of the event is of the order of 220 PeV hinting towards a neutrino flux at the highest energies. In this article, the potential blazar origin for this event is explored. The publicly available Astro-Multimessenger Modeling software is used to model the blazar gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes. It is concluded that a population of blazars could produce the diffuse flux compatible with the observation of the ultra-high energy event detected by the KM3NeT/ARCA detector. At the same time, the gamma-ray flux produced by such a population of blazars is consistent with the diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope.

KW - active galactic nuclei

KW - neutrino astronomy

KW - neutrino detectors

KW - ultra high energy photons and neutrinos

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UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105041157887#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033

DO - 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/03/033

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105041157887

SN - 1475-7516

VL - 2026

JO - Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

JF - Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

IS - 3

M1 - 033

ER -

Blazars as a potential origin of the KM3-230213A event

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

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