@article{51f8725549d7490daacceee92bb97741,
title = "Biocompatible surface functionalization architecture for a diamond quantum sensor",
abstract = "Quantum metrology enables some of the most precise measurements. In the life sciences, diamond-based quantum sensing has led to a new class of biophysical sensors and diagnostic devices that are being investigated as a platform for cancer screening and ultrasensitive immunoassays. However, a broader application in the life sciences based on nanoscale NMR spectroscopy has been hampered by the need to interface highly sensitive quantum bit (qubit) sensors with their biological targets. Here, we demonstrate an approach that combines quantum engineering with single-molecule biophysics to immobilize individual proteins and DNA molecules on the surface of a bulk diamond crystal that hosts coherent nitrogen vacancy qubit sensors. Our thin (sub-5 nm) functionalization architecture provides precise control over the biomolecule adsorption density and results in near-surface qubit coherence approaching 100 μs. The developed architecture remains chemically stable under physiological conditions for over 5 d, making our technique compatible with most biophysical and biomedical applications.",
keywords = "NV center, biocompatible functionalization, diamond surface modification, quantum sensing",
author = "Mouzhe Xie and Xiaofei Yu and Rodgers, {Lila V.H.} and Daohong Xu and Ignacio Chi-Dur{\'a}n and Adrien Toros and Niels Quack and {de Leon}, {Nathalie P.} and Maurer, {Peter C.}",
note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Dr. Nazar Delegan and Dr. Joseph Here-mans for insightful discussions on diamond surface termination; Xinghan Guo, Dr. Noelia Bocchio, and Dr. Alexander High for help on ALD deposition and patterning; Dr. Jon Monserud, Sheela Waugh, Dr. Jason Cleveland, and Dr. Larry Gold for providing Cy3-ssDNA constructs and discussions on single-molecule imaging; and Uri Zvi, Zhendong Zhang, Dr. Joonhee Choi, and Hen-gyun Zhou for discussions and insights on quantum sensing. M.X., X.Y., and P.C.M. acknowledge financial support from the NSF Grant No. OMA-1936118 and OIA-2040520, and NSF QuBBE QLCI (NSF OMA-2121044) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Grant No. 176875. X.Y. in addition acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy 1F-60579. N.Q. and A.T. acknowledge financial support from the SNSF Grant No. 183717. L.V.H.R. acknowledges support from the US Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program. N.P.d.L. acknowledges support from the NSF Grant No. OMA-1936118 and DMR1752047. We acknowledge the use of the Pritzker Nanofabrication Facility at the University of Chicago (NSF ECCS-2025633), the University of Chicago Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-2011854), as well as the Imaging and Analysis Center at Princeton University (DMR-2011750). Funding Information: We thank Dr. Nazar Delegan and Dr. Joseph Here-mans for insightful discussions on diamond surface termination; Xinghan Guo, Dr. Noelia Bocchio, and Dr. Alexander High for help on ALD deposition and patterning; Dr. Jon Monserud, Sheela Waugh, Dr. Jason Cleveland, and Dr. Larry Gold for providing Cy3-ssDNA constructs and discussions on single-molecule imaging; and Uri Zvi, Zhendong Zhang, Dr. Joonhee Choi, and Hengyun Zhou for discussions and insights on quantum sensing. M.X., X.Y., and P.C.M. acknowledge financial support from the NSF Grant No. OMA-1936118 and OIA-2040520, and NSF QuBBE QLCI (NSF OMA- 2121044) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Grant No. 176875. X.Y. in addition acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy 1F-60579. N.Q. and A.T. acknowledge financial support from the SNSF Grant No. 183717. L.V.H.R. acknowledges support from the US Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program. N.P.d.L. acknowledges support from the NSF Grant No. OMA-1936118 and DMR1752047. We acknowledge the use of the Pritzker Nanofabrication Facility at the University of Chicago (NSF ECCS-2025633), the University of Chicago Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-2011854), as well as the Imaging and Analysis Center at Princeton University (DMR-2011750). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",
year = "2022",
month = feb,
day = "22",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.2114186119",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "119",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "8",
}