@article{bdd921ccdd6648cdb003b54f0119b2c0,
title = "Beijing{\textquoteright}s bismarckian ghosts: How great powers compete economically",
author = "Markus Brunnermeier and Rush Doshi and Harold James",
note = "Funding Information: In the late nineteenth century, the Italian engineer Guglielmo Marconi, supported by the British Royal Navy, created a radio network that gave Britain a monopoly over radio transmissions. When combined with Britain{\textquoteright}s 60 percent share of the world{\textquoteright}s undersea cable network, Britain dominated international transmissions. Feeling vulnerable, Kaiser Wilhelm II authorized direct state support for German scientists and engineers as they success- fully copied Marconi{\textquoteright}s designs, patented them within Germany, and built their own radio networks financed by contracts with the German military.11 Even so, Marconi{\textquoteright}s superior longer-range radio and first-mover advantage established his British-backed company as the global standard, and Marconi lever- aged these network effects to pursue a policy of “non-intercommunication” with non-Marconi radio operators. German businesses and ocean liners did not want to be cut off from global communication, so they preferred the British-backed system to German ones, marginalizing the initial German product.",
year = "2018",
month = jul,
day = "3",
doi = "10.1080/0163660X.2018.1520571",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "41",
pages = "161--176",
journal = "Washington Quarterly",
issn = "0163-660X",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "3",
}