Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations

Tais W. Dahl, James N. Connelly, Da Li, Artem Kouchinsky, Benjamin C. Gill, Susannah Porter, Adam C. Maloof, Martin Bizzarro

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

80 Scopus citations

Abstract

The proliferation of large, motile animals 540 to 520 Ma has been linked to both rising and declining O2 levels on Earth. To explore this conundrum, we reconstruct the global extent of seafloor oxygenation at approximately submillion-year resolution based on uranium isotope compositions of 187 marine carbonates samples from China, Siberia, and Morocco, and simulate O2 levels in the atmosphere and surface oceans using a mass balance model constrained by carbon, sulfur, and strontium isotopes in the same sedimentary successions. Our results point to a dynamically viable and highly variable state of atmosphere-ocean oxygenation with 2 massive expansions of seafloor anoxia in the aftermath of a prolonged interval of declining atmospheric pO2 levels. Although animals began diversifying beforehand, there were relatively few new appearances during these dramatic fluctuations in seafloor oxygenation. When O2 levels again rose, it occurred in concert with predicted high rates of photosynthetic production, both of which may have fueled more energy to predators and their armored prey in the evolving marine ecosystem.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)19352-19361
Number of pages10
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume116
Issue number39
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 24 2019

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General

Keywords

  • Cambrian explosion
  • Global biogeochemical cycles
  • Oxygenation
  • Stable isotopes
  • Uranium

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