TY - JOUR
T1 - Atacama Cosmology Telescope
T2 - Component-separated maps of CMB temperature and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
AU - Madhavacheril, Mathew S.
AU - Hill, J. Colin
AU - Næss, Sigurd
AU - Addison, Graeme E.
AU - Aiola, Simone
AU - Baildon, Taylor
AU - Battaglia, Nicholas
AU - Bean, Rachel
AU - Bond, J. Richard
AU - Calabrese, Erminia
AU - Calafut, Victoria
AU - Choi, Steve K.
AU - Darwish, Omar
AU - Datta, Rahul
AU - Devlin, Mark J.
AU - Dunkley, Joanna
AU - Dünner, Rolando
AU - Ferraro, Simone
AU - Gallardo, Patricio A.
AU - Gluscevic, Vera
AU - Halpern, Mark
AU - Han, Dongwon
AU - Hasselfield, Matthew
AU - Hilton, Matt
AU - Hincks, Adam D.
AU - HloŽek, Renée
AU - Ho, Shuay Pwu Patty
AU - Huffenberger, Kevin M.
AU - Hughes, John P.
AU - Koopman, Brian J.
AU - Kosowsky, Arthur
AU - Lokken, Martine
AU - Louis, Thibaut
AU - Lungu, Marius
AU - Macinnis, Amanda
AU - Maurin, Loïc
AU - McMahon, Jeffrey J.
AU - Moodley, Kavilan
AU - Nati, Federico
AU - Niemack, Michael D.
AU - Page, Lyman A.
AU - Partridge, Bruce
AU - Robertson, Naomi
AU - Sehgal, Neelima
AU - Schaan, Emmanuel
AU - Schillaci, Alessandro
AU - Sherwin, Blake D.
AU - Sifón, Cristóbal
AU - Simon, Sara M.
AU - Spergel, David N.
AU - Staggs, Suzanne T.
AU - Storer, Emilie R.
AU - Van Engelen, Alexander
AU - Vavagiakis, Eve M.
AU - Wollack, Edward J.
AU - Xu, Zhilei
N1 - Funding Information:
This paper represents the first step on an exciting path toward component-separated maps covering significantly larger sky fractions and using additional frequency coverage, as compared to the data used in the analysis reported here. We will also extend the method developed here to produce component-separated CMB polarization maps from these data. Starting in the 2016 observing season and continuing until now, the Advanced ACTPol instrument has undertaken wide scans that altogether cover roughly half of the sky, i.e., an order of magnitude more area than the regions analyzed here. This coverage includes complete overlap with the covered by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the planned footprint of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) , and partial overlap of with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) , among other experiments (e.g., KiDS and HSC ). In addition, the Advanced ACTPol receiver includes detectors operating at 230 GHz, with arcminute resolution. The 230 GHz data will be included in imminent component separation analyses, allowing for significantly improved dust and CIB removal, as well as simultaneous deprojection of multiple contaminants on small scales. A low-frequency array with bands centered at 28 and 41 GHz has been tested in the laboratory and will be installed on the telescope in the next year, yielding nearly a full decade in frequency coverage with ACT. These data will provide leverage in removing Galactic synchrotron and extragalactic radio source contamination. Starting in the early 2020s, the Simons Observatory Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) will include significantly more sensitive coverage at all five ACT frequencies, as well as an additional 280 GHz channel. Looking further ahead, the current design of the CMB-S4 LATs also includes channels at all six of these frequencies . Future prospects are thus extremely bright for the production of high-sensitivity, high-resolution component-separated maps covering half of the sky, which will enable a vast range of exciting CMB science in the coming decade. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS a community-developed core python package for Astronomy . We also acknowledge use of the matplotlib package and the Python Image Library for producing plots in this paper, and use of the Boltzmann code camb for calculating theory spectra. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through Grants No. AST-1440226, No. AST0965625 and No. AST-0408698 for the ACT project, as well as Grants No. PHY-1214379 and No. PHY-0855887. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronómico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC and Niagara supercomputers at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund—Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. The development of multichroic detectors and lenses was supported by NASA Grants No. NNX13AE56G and No. NNX14AB58G. Colleagues at AstroNorte and RadioSky provide logistical support and keep operations in Chile running smoothly. We also thank the Mishrahi Fund and the Wilkinson Fund for their generous support of the project. M. S. M. acknowledges support from NSF Grant No. AST-1814971. J. C. H. acknowledges support from the Simons Foundation and the W. M. Keck Foundation Fund at the Institute for Advanced Study. Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation. R. B. and V. C. acknowledge DoE Grant No. DE-SC0011838, NASA ATP grants No. NNX14AH53G and No. 80NSSC18K0695, NASA ROSES grant No. 12-EUCLID12-0004 and funding related to the WFIRST Science Investigation Team. E. C. is supported by a STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship ST/M004856/2. S. K. C. acknowledges support from the Cornell Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship. R. D. thanks CONICYT for Grant No. BASAL CATA AFB-170002. M. H. acknowledges funding support from the National Research Foundation, the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, and the University of KwaZulu-Natal. L. M. received funding from CONICYT FONDECYT Grant No. 3170846. K. M. acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa. N. S. acknowledges support from NSF Grant No. 1513618.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Physical Society.
PY - 2020/7/15
Y1 - 2020/7/15
N2 - Optimal analyses of many signals in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) require map-level extraction of individual components in the microwave sky, rather than measurements at the power spectrum level alone. To date, nearly all map-level component separation in CMB analyses has been performed exclusively using satellite data. In this paper, we implement a component separation method based on the internal linear combination (ILC) approach which we have designed to optimally account for the anisotropic noise (in the 2D Fourier domain) often found in ground-based CMB experiments. Using this method, we combine multifrequency data from the Planck satellite and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) to construct the first wide-area (≈2100 sq. deg.), arcminute-resolution component-separated maps of the CMB temperature anisotropy and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect sourced by the inverse-Compton scattering of CMB photons off hot, ionized gas. Our ILC pipeline allows for explicit deprojection of various contaminating signals, including a modified blackbody approximation of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) spectral energy distribution. The cleaned CMB maps will be a useful resource for CMB lensing reconstruction, kinematic SZ cross-correlations, and primordial non-Gaussianity studies. The tSZ maps will be used to study the pressure profiles of galaxies, groups, and clusters through cross-correlations with halo catalogs, with dust contamination controlled via CIB deprojection. The data products described in this paper are available on LAMBDA.
AB - Optimal analyses of many signals in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) require map-level extraction of individual components in the microwave sky, rather than measurements at the power spectrum level alone. To date, nearly all map-level component separation in CMB analyses has been performed exclusively using satellite data. In this paper, we implement a component separation method based on the internal linear combination (ILC) approach which we have designed to optimally account for the anisotropic noise (in the 2D Fourier domain) often found in ground-based CMB experiments. Using this method, we combine multifrequency data from the Planck satellite and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) to construct the first wide-area (≈2100 sq. deg.), arcminute-resolution component-separated maps of the CMB temperature anisotropy and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect sourced by the inverse-Compton scattering of CMB photons off hot, ionized gas. Our ILC pipeline allows for explicit deprojection of various contaminating signals, including a modified blackbody approximation of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) spectral energy distribution. The cleaned CMB maps will be a useful resource for CMB lensing reconstruction, kinematic SZ cross-correlations, and primordial non-Gaussianity studies. The tSZ maps will be used to study the pressure profiles of galaxies, groups, and clusters through cross-correlations with halo catalogs, with dust contamination controlled via CIB deprojection. The data products described in this paper are available on LAMBDA.
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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.023534
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.023534
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85093531917
SN - 2470-0010
VL - 102
JO - Physical Review D
JF - Physical Review D
IS - 2
M1 - 023534
ER -