@article{9cb465161aca4c02ac43a5a1c1ecabb5,
title = "Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and impacts on oceanic N2O fluxes in the northern Indian Ocean: The need for an integrated observation and modelling approach",
abstract = "Anthropogenically-derived nitrogen input to the northern Indian Ocean has increased significantly in recent decades, based on both observational and model-derived estimates. This external nutrient source is supplied by atmospheric deposition and riverine fluxes, and has the potential to affect the vulnerable biogeochemical systems of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, influencing productivity and oceanic production of the greenhouse-gas nitrous-oxide (N2O). We summarize current estimates of this external nitrogen source to the northern Indian Ocean from observations and models, highlight implications for regional marine N2O emissions using model-based analyses, and make recommendations for measurement and model needs to improve current estimates and future predictions of this impact. Current observationally-derived estimates of deposition and riverine nitrogen inputs are limited by sparse measurements and uncertainties on accurate characterization of nitrogen species composition. Ocean model assessments of the impact of external nitrogen sources on regional marine N2O production in the northern Indian Ocean estimate potentially significant changes but also have large associated uncertainties. We recommend an integrated program of basin-wide measurements combined with high-resolution modeling and more detailed characterization of nitrogen-cycle process to address these uncertainties and improve current estimates and predictions.",
keywords = "Air-sea interaction, Atmospheric chemistry, Nitrogen cycle, Nitrous-oxide",
author = "Parvadha Suntharalingam and Zamora, {Lauren M.} and Bange, {Hermann W.} and Srinivas Bikkina and Erik Buitenhuis and Maria Kanakidou and Lamarque, {Jean Francois} and Angela Landolfi and Laure Resplandy and Sarin, {Manmohan M.} and Sybil Seitzinger and Arvind Singh",
note = "Funding Information: This paper resulted from the deliberations of GESAMP Working Group 38, the Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean. We thank the ICSU Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), the US National Science Foundation ( NSF ), the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and the World Weather Research Program (WWRP) of the World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the University of East Anglia for support of this work. We acknowledge the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for maintaining the SOLAS data integration website from which we used aerosol data for the northern Indian Ocean. N 2 O measurements from the AS and BoB are available from the {\textquoteleft}MarinE MethanE and NiTrous Oxide database{\textquoteright} (MEMENTO: https://memento.geomar.de/de ). GPCP Precipitation data provided by the NOAA / OAR /ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA , from their Web site at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ . E.B. and P.S acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 641816 Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach (CRESCENDO), and from the United Kingdom's Natural Environment Research Council under grant agreement NE/G006725/1 . Funding Information: This paper resulted from the deliberations of GESAMP Working Group 38, the Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean. We thank the ICSU Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), the US National Science Foundation (NSF), the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and the World Weather Research Program (WWRP) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the University of East Anglia for support of this work. We acknowledge the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for maintaining the SOLAS data integration website from which we used aerosol data for the northern Indian Ocean. N2O measurements from the AS and BoB are available from the {\textquoteleft}MarinE MethanE and NiTrous Oxide database{\textquoteright} (MEMENTO: https://memento.geomar.de/de). GPCP Precipitation data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. E.B. and P.S acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 641816 Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach (CRESCENDO), and from the United Kingdom's Natural Environment Research Council under grant agreement NE/G006725/1. Funding Information: This paper resulted from the deliberations of GESAMP Working Group 38, the Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean. We thank the ICSU Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), the US National Science Foundation (NSF), the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)and the World Weather Research Program (WWRP)of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the University of East Anglia for support of this work. We acknowledge the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC)for maintaining the SOLAS data integration website from which we used aerosol data for the northern Indian Ocean. N2O measurements from the AS and BoB are available from the {\textquoteleft}MarinE MethanE and NiTrous Oxide database{\textquoteright} (MEMENTO: https://memento.geomar.de/de). GPCP Precipitation data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. E.B. and P.S acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 641816 Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach (CRESCENDO), and from the United Kingdom's Natural Environment Research Council under grant agreement NE/G006725/1. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019",
year = "2019",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.007",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "166",
pages = "104--113",
journal = "Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography",
issn = "0967-0645",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}