@article{af862d33200d4804b0c885cf90df4f9c,
title = "Analysis of deposited layers with deuterium and impurity elements on samples from the divertor of JET with ITER-like wall",
abstract = "Inconel-600 blocks and stainless steel covers for quartz microbalance crystals from remote corners in the JET-ILW divertor were studied with time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis and nuclear reaction analysis to obtain information about the areal densities and depth profiles of elements present in deposited material layers. Surface morphology and the composition of dust particles were examined with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The analysed components were present in JET during three ITER-like wall campaigns between 2010 and 2017. Deposited layers had a stratified structure, primarily made up of beryllium, carbon and oxygen with varying atomic fractions of deuterium, up to more than 20%. The range of carbon transport from the ribs of the divertor carrier was limited to a few centimeters, and carbon/deuterium co-deposition was indicated on the Inconel blocks. High atomic fractions of deuterium were also found in almost carbon-free layers on the quartz microbalance covers. Layer thicknesses up to more than 1 μm were indicated, but typical values were on the order of a few hundred nm. Chromium, iron and nickel fractions were less than or around 1% at layer surfaces while increasing close to the layer-substrate interface. The tungsten fraction depended on the proximity of the plasma strike point to the divertor corners. Particles of tungsten, molybdenum and copper with sizes less than or around 1 μm were found. Nitrogen, argon and neon were present after plasma edge cooling and disruption mitigation. Oxygen-18 was found on component surfaces after injection, indicating in-vessel oxidation. Compensation of elastic recoil detection data for detection efficiency and ion-induced release of deuterium during the measurement gave quantitative agreement with nuclear reaction analysis, which strengthens the validity of the results.",
keywords = "Fusion, NRA, Plasma-wall interactions, SEM, ToF-ERDA, Tokamak",
author = "{JET Contributors} and P. Str{\"o}m and P. Petersson and M. Rubel and E. Fortuna-Zale{\'s}na and A. Widdowson and G. Sergienko and X. Litaudon and S. Abduallev and M. Abhangi and P. Abreu and M. Afzal and Aggarwal, {K. M.} and T. Ahlgren and Ahn, {J. H.} and L. Aho-Mantila and N. Aiba and M. Airila and R. Albanese and V. Aldred and D. Alegre and E. Alessi and P. Aleynikov and A. Alfier and A. Alkseev and M. Allinson and B. Alper and E. Alves and G. Ambrosino and R. Ambrosino and L. Amicucci and V. Amosov and {Andersson Sunden}, E. and M. Angelone and M. Anghel and C. Angioni and L. Appel and C. Appelbee and P. Arena and M. Ariola and H. Arnichand and S. Arshad and A. Ash and N. Ashikawa and V. Aslanyan and O. Asunta and F. Auriemma and Y. Austin and L. Avotina and Axton, {M. D.} and {Parra Diaz}, F.",
note = "Funding Information: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement number 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Work was performed under work package WPJET2. The Tandem Laboratory has been supported by grants from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, grant number RIF14-0053, and the Swedish Council for Research Infrastructures (VR-RFI), grant number 821-2012-5144. Further support from the Swedish Research Council, grant numbers 2015-04884 and 2017-00643 is gratefully acknowledged. Funding Information: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement number 633053 . The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Work was performed under work package WPJET2. The Tandem Laboratory has been supported by grants from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research , grant number RIF14-0053 , and the Swedish Council for Research Infrastructures (VR-RFI) , grant number 821-2012-5144 . Further support from the Swedish Research Council , grant numbers 2015-04884 and 2017-00643 is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018",
year = "2019",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.027",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "516",
pages = "202--213",
journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials",
issn = "0022-3115",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}