An empirical analysis of imprisoning drug offenders

Ilyana Kuziemko, Steven D. Levitt

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

104 Scopus citations

Abstract

The number of prisoners incarcerated on drug-related offenses rose 15-fold between 1980 and 2000. This paper provides the first systematic empirical analysis of the implications of that dramatic shift in public policy. We estimate that cocaine prices are 5-15% higher today as a consequence of increases in drug punishment since 1985, presumably leading to reduced drug consumption. Incarcerating drug offenders is found to be almost as effective in reducing violent and property crime as locking up other types of offenders. Thus, although we demonstrate that the increase in drug prisoners led to reductions in expected time served for other crimes (especially for less serious offenses), the overall impact of increased drug incarceration has likely been a small (1-3%) reduction in violent and property crime. Back-of-the envelope estimates suggest that it is unlikely that the dramatic increase in drug imprisonment was cost-effective.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2043-2066
Number of pages24
JournalJournal of Public Economics
Volume88
Issue number9-10
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2004
Externally publishedYes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Finance
  • Economics and Econometrics

Keywords

  • Drug consumption
  • Drug-related offenses
  • Incarceration
  • Public policy

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