@article{4854cf41e20945339c717e954abe7704,
title = "An assessment of the radiative effects of ice supersaturation based on in situ observations",
abstract = "We use aircraft observations combined with the reanalysis data to investigate the radiative effects of ice supersaturation (ISS). Our results show that although the excess water vapor over ice saturation itself has relatively small radiative effects, mistaking it as ice crystals in climate models would lead to considerable impacts: on average, +2.49 W/m2 change in the top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiation, −2.7 W/m2 change in surface radiation, and 1.47 K/d change in heating rates. The radiative effects of ISS generally increase with the magnitudes of supersaturation. However, there is a strong dependence on the preexisting ice water path, which can even change the sign of the TOA radiative effect. It is therefore important to consider coexistence between ISS and ice clouds and to validate their relationship in the parameterizations of ISS in climate models.",
keywords = "GCM, heating rate, ice clouds, ice supersaturation, in situ, radiation flux",
author = "Xiaoxiao Tan and Yi Huang and Minghui Diao and Aaron Bansemer and Zondlo, {Mark A.} and DiGangi, {Joshua P.} and Rainer Volkamer and Yongyun Hu",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the ECMWF for the ERA-Interim data (http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-moda/), the NSF for the observed ISS data, and the Atmospheric Environment Research for RRTMG model (http://rtweb.aer.com/rrtm_frame.html) used in this study. X.T. is supported by a visiting student fellowship of China Scholarship Council. Y. Huang acknowledges the grants support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN 418305-13) and the Fonds de recherche du Quebec–Nature et technologies (PR-190145). M.D. acknowledges the support of National Center for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program for her postdoctoral research in 2013–2015. Y. Hu acknowledges the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375072 and 41530423). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. For the observation analysis on five NSF campaigns (HIPPO Global, START08, PREDICT, DC3, and TORERO), we thank the efforts of flight, technical, and mechanical crews at the NCAR/Earth Observing Laboratory. M.A. Zondlo, M. Diao, J. DiGangi, and S.P. Beaton provided the field support and laboratory calibration of the VCSEL hygrometer. A. Bansemer, A.J. Heymsfield, D.C. Rogers, and C.J. Webster provided support on the SID-2H instrument and Fast-2 DC probes. We acknowledge the observations from the European Union INCA campaign, with recent data updates from Ulrich Schumann and Andreas Minikin. All data used in this study are free and publicly available. The aircraft observations for individual NSF campaigns were obtained at http://data.eol.ucar.edu/codiac/ Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2016",
month = oct,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1002/2016GL071144",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "43",
pages = "11,039--11,047",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "20",
}