Advances in Terahertz Wireless Systems: Power-Efficient Architectures, Near-Field Communication, and New Use Cases

Terahertz (THz) wireless systems-spanning 100 GHz to several THz-are emerging as a key enabler for future high-capacity wireless networks and novel sensing applications. The immense bandwidth and sub-millimeter wavelengths in this spectrum promise unprecedented data rates and fine-resolution sensing. However, practical deployment faces significant hurdles, including high propagation loss, power inefficiencies, and the breakdown of far-field assumptions. This paper presents recent research efforts to tackle these challenges, specifically, we present our recent results on low-power scalable THz communication architectures, near-field wavefront shaping for resilient THz communications, and emerging applications such as robotic manipulation and smart agriculture. Our results, combining fundamental physics with experimental validation, open new directions for THz systems at scale.