Adsorption characteristics of charged and nonionic small molecules to colloidal alumina

Dense fluorescent pigments used for inkjet printing of UV and IR-readable non-photobleaching security features require stabilizers to prevent aggregation/sedimentation and inkjet head clogging at high resolution. A study of small molecule adsorption to α-alumina, a model system for security pigments, is presented. Alumina is dispersed by two methods yielding different zeta potentials but identical isoelectric points. Essentially complete dispersion is obtained in water at pH 3 but aggregation occurs at pH 6 where the surface charging is lower. Adsorption studies focus on the naphthyl-phosphate, -sulfate, and hydroxyl (triethylene glycol) groups. Phosphate adsorption was strongest with a 1.2 molecules/nm² plateau, close to the titratable exchange capacity of 1.3 [sbnd]OH groups/nm² on the alumina surface with ΔH_adsorption = −7.58 ± 1.63 kJ/mol determined by calorimetry. Sulfate adsorption was weaker with a more linear adsorption isotherm. The adsorption/exchange process yields a rise in pH that is correlated with the binding strength. Hydroxyl binding is weakest, being driven by hydrogen bonding, and showed no rise in pH during adsorption. A polyphosphate-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer is expected to be advantageous for the dispersion of such inkjet colloids.