TY - JOUR
T1 - Active learning-guided exploration of parameter space of air plasmas to enhance the energy efficiency of NOx production
AU - Shao, Ketong
AU - Pei, Xuekai
AU - Graves, David B.
AU - Mesbah, Ali
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Low temperature, air plasmas have shown promise for production of NOx for nitrogen fixation. However, to make nitrogen fixation via air plasmas economically viable, a major challenge arises from reducing the energy cost of NOx generation, which is a complex function of a multitude of factors including the plasma discharge type, discharge operating parameters and presence of heterogeneous catalysts. This paper presents an active learning (AL) approach for exploring the multivariable and highly nonlinear parameter space of low temperature plasmas (LTPs) in a systematic and efficient manner. The proposed AL approach relies on Bayesian optimization, which is a data-driven optimization method that is particularly suited for optimizing black-box functions constructed from noisy observations. We demonstrate the AL approach for querying the parameter space of a DC pin-to-pin glow discharge in order to enhance the energy efficiency of NOx production. It is observed that, given a fixed experimental budget, AL consistently outperforms random search of the parameter space in terms of minimizing the energy cost or maximizing the rate of NOx generation in the presence of a constraint on discharge power. AL approaches can pave the way for automated and efficient exploration of the high-dimensional parameter space of LTPs, towards establishing insights into their complex behaviors.
AB - Low temperature, air plasmas have shown promise for production of NOx for nitrogen fixation. However, to make nitrogen fixation via air plasmas economically viable, a major challenge arises from reducing the energy cost of NOx generation, which is a complex function of a multitude of factors including the plasma discharge type, discharge operating parameters and presence of heterogeneous catalysts. This paper presents an active learning (AL) approach for exploring the multivariable and highly nonlinear parameter space of low temperature plasmas (LTPs) in a systematic and efficient manner. The proposed AL approach relies on Bayesian optimization, which is a data-driven optimization method that is particularly suited for optimizing black-box functions constructed from noisy observations. We demonstrate the AL approach for querying the parameter space of a DC pin-to-pin glow discharge in order to enhance the energy efficiency of NOx production. It is observed that, given a fixed experimental budget, AL consistently outperforms random search of the parameter space in terms of minimizing the energy cost or maximizing the rate of NOx generation in the presence of a constraint on discharge power. AL approaches can pave the way for automated and efficient exploration of the high-dimensional parameter space of LTPs, towards establishing insights into their complex behaviors.
KW - Bayesian optimization
KW - active learning
KW - air plasmas
KW - low temperature plasmas
KW - nitrogen fixation
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U2 - 10.1088/1361-6595/ac6e04
DO - 10.1088/1361-6595/ac6e04
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85131699679
SN - 0963-0252
VL - 31
JO - Plasma Sources Science and Technology
JF - Plasma Sources Science and Technology
IS - 5
M1 - 055018
ER -