A study of heating and cooling of the ISM in NGC1097 with Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS

P. Beirão; L. Armus; G. Helou; P. N. Appleton; J. D.T. Smith; K. V. Croxall; E. J. Murphy; D. A. Dale; B. T. Draine; M. G. Wolfire; K. M. Sandstrom; G. Aniano; A. D. Bolatto; B. Groves; B. R. Brandl; E. Schinnerer; A. F. Crocker; J. L. Hinz; H. W. Rix; R. C. Kennicutt; D. Calzetti; A. Gil De Paz; G. Dumas; M. Galametz; K. D. Gordon; C. N. Hao; B. Johnson; J. Koda; O. Krause; T. Van Der Laan; A. K. Leroy; Y. Li; S. E. Meidt; J. D. Meyer; N. Rahman; H. Roussel; M. Sauvage; S. Srinivasan; L. Vigroux; F. Walter; B. E. Warren

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144

A study of heating and cooling of the ISM in NGC1097 with Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS

P. Beirão, L. Armus, G. Helou, P. N. Appleton, J. D.T. Smith, K. V. Croxall, E. J. Murphy, D. A. Dale, B. T. Draine, M. G. Wolfire, K. M. Sandstrom, G. Aniano, A. D. Bolatto, B. Groves, B. R. Brandl, E. Schinnerer, A. F. Crocker, J. L. Hinz, H. W. Rix, R. C. KennicuttD. Calzetti, A. Gil De Paz, G. Dumas, M. Galametz, K. D. Gordon, C. N. Hao, B. Johnson, J. Koda, O. Krause, T. Van Der Laan, A. K. Leroy, Y. Li, S. E. Meidt, J. D. Meyer, N. Rahman, H. Roussel, M. Sauvage, S. Srinivasan, L. Vigroux, F. Walter, B. E. Warren

Astrophysical Sciences

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32 Scopus citations

Abstract

NGC1097 is a nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy with a bright circumnuclear starburst ring, a strong large-scale bar, and an active nucleus. We present a detailed study of the spatial variation of the far-infrared (FIR) [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm lines and mid-infrared H₂ emission lines as tracers of gas cooling, and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands as tracers of the photoelectric heating, using Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS infrared spectral maps. We focus on the nucleus and the ring, and two star-forming regions (Enuc N and Enuc S). We estimated a photoelectric gas heating efficiency ([C II]158 μm+[O I]63 μm)/PAH in the ring about 50% lower than in Enuc N and S. The average 11.3/7.7 μm PAH ratio is also lower in the ring, which may suggest a larger fraction of ionized PAHs, but no clear correlation with [C II]158μm/PAH(5.5-14 μm) is found. PAHs in the ring are responsible for a factor of two more [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm emission per unit mass than PAHs in the Enuc S. spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates that at most 25% of the FIR power in the ring and Enuc S can come from high-intensity photodissociation regions (PDRs), in which case G ₀ 10^2.3 and n _H 10^3.5 cm^-3 in the ring. For these values of G ₀ and n _H, PDR models cannot reproduce the observed H₂ emission. Much of the H₂ emission in the starburst ring could come from warm regions in the diffuse interstellar medium that are heated by turbulent dissipation or shocks.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	144
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	751
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144
State	Published - Jun 1 2012

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

galaxies: ISM
galaxies: individual (NGC 1097)
galaxies: starburst
infrared: galaxies

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10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144

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Beirão, P., Armus, L., Helou, G., Appleton, P. N., Smith, J. D. T., Croxall, K. V., Murphy, E. J., Dale, D. A., Draine, B. T., Wolfire, M. G., Sandstrom, K. M., Aniano, G., Bolatto, A. D., Groves, B., Brandl, B. R., Schinnerer, E., Crocker, A. F., Hinz, J. L., Rix, H. W., ... Warren, B. E. (2012). A study of heating and cooling of the ISM in NGC1097 with Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS. Astrophysical Journal, 751(2), Article 144. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144

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title = "A study of heating and cooling of the ISM in NGC1097 with Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS",

abstract = "NGC1097 is a nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy with a bright circumnuclear starburst ring, a strong large-scale bar, and an active nucleus. We present a detailed study of the spatial variation of the far-infrared (FIR) [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm lines and mid-infrared H2 emission lines as tracers of gas cooling, and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands as tracers of the photoelectric heating, using Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS infrared spectral maps. We focus on the nucleus and the ring, and two star-forming regions (Enuc N and Enuc S). We estimated a photoelectric gas heating efficiency ([C II]158 μm+[O I]63 μm)/PAH in the ring about 50% lower than in Enuc N and S. The average 11.3/7.7 μm PAH ratio is also lower in the ring, which may suggest a larger fraction of ionized PAHs, but no clear correlation with [C II]158μm/PAH(5.5-14 μm) is found. PAHs in the ring are responsible for a factor of two more [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm emission per unit mass than PAHs in the Enuc S. spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates that at most 25% of the FIR power in the ring and Enuc S can come from high-intensity photodissociation regions (PDRs), in which case G 0 102.3 and n H 103.5 cm-3 in the ring. For these values of G 0 and n H, PDR models cannot reproduce the observed H2 emission. Much of the H2 emission in the starburst ring could come from warm regions in the diffuse interstellar medium that are heated by turbulent dissipation or shocks.",

keywords = "galaxies: ISM, galaxies: individual (NGC 1097), galaxies: starburst, infrared: galaxies",

author = "P. Beir{\~a}o and L. Armus and G. Helou and Appleton, {P. N.} and Smith, {J. D.T.} and Croxall, {K. V.} and Murphy, {E. J.} and Dale, {D. A.} and Draine, {B. T.} and Wolfire, {M. G.} and Sandstrom, {K. M.} and G. Aniano and Bolatto, {A. D.} and B. Groves and Brandl, {B. R.} and E. Schinnerer and Crocker, {A. F.} and Hinz, {J. L.} and Rix, {H. W.} and Kennicutt, {R. C.} and D. Calzetti and {Gil De Paz}, A. and G. Dumas and M. Galametz and Gordon, {K. D.} and Hao, {C. N.} and B. Johnson and J. Koda and O. Krause and {Van Der Laan}, T. and Leroy, {A. K.} and Y. Li and Meidt, {S. E.} and Meyer, {J. D.} and N. Rahman and H. Roussel and M. Sauvage and S. Srinivasan and L. Vigroux and F. Walter and Warren, {B. E.}",

year = "2012",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "751",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Beirão, P, Armus, L, Helou, G, Appleton, PN, Smith, JDT, Croxall, KV, Murphy, EJ, Dale, DA, Draine, BT, Wolfire, MG, Sandstrom, KM, Aniano, G, Bolatto, AD, Groves, B, Brandl, BR, Schinnerer, E, Crocker, AF, Hinz, JL, Rix, HW, Kennicutt, RC, Calzetti, D, Gil De Paz, A, Dumas, G, Galametz, M, Gordon, KD, Hao, CN, Johnson, B, Koda, J, Krause, O, Van Der Laan, T, Leroy, AK, Li, Y, Meidt, SE, Meyer, JD, Rahman, N, Roussel, H, Sauvage, M, Srinivasan, S, Vigroux, L, Walter, F & Warren, BE 2012, 'A study of heating and cooling of the ISM in NGC1097 with Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 751, no. 2, 144. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144

TY - JOUR

T1 - A study of heating and cooling of the ISM in NGC1097 with Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS

AU - Beirão, P.

AU - Armus, L.

AU - Helou, G.

AU - Appleton, P. N.

AU - Smith, J. D.T.

AU - Croxall, K. V.

AU - Murphy, E. J.

AU - Dale, D. A.

AU - Draine, B. T.

AU - Wolfire, M. G.

AU - Sandstrom, K. M.

AU - Aniano, G.

AU - Bolatto, A. D.

AU - Groves, B.

AU - Brandl, B. R.

AU - Schinnerer, E.

AU - Crocker, A. F.

AU - Hinz, J. L.

AU - Rix, H. W.

AU - Kennicutt, R. C.

AU - Calzetti, D.

AU - Gil De Paz, A.

AU - Dumas, G.

AU - Galametz, M.

AU - Gordon, K. D.

AU - Hao, C. N.

AU - Johnson, B.

AU - Koda, J.

AU - Krause, O.

AU - Van Der Laan, T.

AU - Leroy, A. K.

AU - Li, Y.

AU - Meidt, S. E.

AU - Meyer, J. D.

AU - Rahman, N.

AU - Roussel, H.

AU - Sauvage, M.

AU - Srinivasan, S.

AU - Vigroux, L.

AU - Walter, F.

AU - Warren, B. E.

PY - 2012/6/1

Y1 - 2012/6/1

N2 - NGC1097 is a nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy with a bright circumnuclear starburst ring, a strong large-scale bar, and an active nucleus. We present a detailed study of the spatial variation of the far-infrared (FIR) [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm lines and mid-infrared H2 emission lines as tracers of gas cooling, and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands as tracers of the photoelectric heating, using Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS infrared spectral maps. We focus on the nucleus and the ring, and two star-forming regions (Enuc N and Enuc S). We estimated a photoelectric gas heating efficiency ([C II]158 μm+[O I]63 μm)/PAH in the ring about 50% lower than in Enuc N and S. The average 11.3/7.7 μm PAH ratio is also lower in the ring, which may suggest a larger fraction of ionized PAHs, but no clear correlation with [C II]158μm/PAH(5.5-14 μm) is found. PAHs in the ring are responsible for a factor of two more [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm emission per unit mass than PAHs in the Enuc S. spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates that at most 25% of the FIR power in the ring and Enuc S can come from high-intensity photodissociation regions (PDRs), in which case G 0 102.3 and n H 103.5 cm-3 in the ring. For these values of G 0 and n H, PDR models cannot reproduce the observed H2 emission. Much of the H2 emission in the starburst ring could come from warm regions in the diffuse interstellar medium that are heated by turbulent dissipation or shocks.

AB - NGC1097 is a nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy with a bright circumnuclear starburst ring, a strong large-scale bar, and an active nucleus. We present a detailed study of the spatial variation of the far-infrared (FIR) [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm lines and mid-infrared H2 emission lines as tracers of gas cooling, and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands as tracers of the photoelectric heating, using Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS infrared spectral maps. We focus on the nucleus and the ring, and two star-forming regions (Enuc N and Enuc S). We estimated a photoelectric gas heating efficiency ([C II]158 μm+[O I]63 μm)/PAH in the ring about 50% lower than in Enuc N and S. The average 11.3/7.7 μm PAH ratio is also lower in the ring, which may suggest a larger fraction of ionized PAHs, but no clear correlation with [C II]158μm/PAH(5.5-14 μm) is found. PAHs in the ring are responsible for a factor of two more [C II]158 μm and [O I]63 μm emission per unit mass than PAHs in the Enuc S. spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates that at most 25% of the FIR power in the ring and Enuc S can come from high-intensity photodissociation regions (PDRs), in which case G 0 102.3 and n H 103.5 cm-3 in the ring. For these values of G 0 and n H, PDR models cannot reproduce the observed H2 emission. Much of the H2 emission in the starburst ring could come from warm regions in the diffuse interstellar medium that are heated by turbulent dissipation or shocks.

KW - galaxies: ISM

KW - galaxies: individual (NGC 1097)

KW - galaxies: starburst

KW - infrared: galaxies

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84861316788&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84861316788&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/144

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84861316788

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 751

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 144

ER -

A study of heating and cooling of the ISM in NGC1097 with Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS

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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Keywords

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