TY - JOUR
T1 - A Spontaneous Stereotype Content Model
T2 - Taxonomy, Properties, and Prediction
AU - Nicolas, Gandalf
AU - Bai, Xuechunzi
AU - Fiske, Susan T.
N1 - Funding Information:
Gandalf Nicolas played lead role in conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration, software, validation, visualization, writing of original draft, and writing of review and editing and supporting role in supervision. Xuechunzi Bai played supporting role in data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology software, validation, visualization, and writing of review and editing. Susan T. Fiske played lead role in funding acquisition, resources, and supervision and supporting role in conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration, validation, writing of original draft, and writing of review and editing
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Psychological Association
PY - 2022/5/5
Y1 - 2022/5/5
N2 - The spontaneous stereotype content model (SSCM) describes a comprehensive taxonomy, with associated properties and predictive value, of social-group beliefs that perceivers report in open-ended responses. Four studies (N =1,470) showthe utility of spontaneous stereotypes, compared to traditional, prompted, scale-based stereotypes. Using natural language processing text analyses, Study 1 shows the most common spontaneous stereotype dimensions for salient social groups. Our results confirm existing stereotype models’ dimensions, while uncovering a significant prevalence of dimensions that these models do not cover, such as Health, Appearance, and Deviance. The SSCM also characterizes the valence, direction, and accessibility of reported dimensions (e.g., Ability stereotypes are mostly positive, but Morality stereotypes are mostly negative; Sociability stereotypes are provided later than Ability stereotypes in a sequence of open-ended responses). Studies 2 and 3 check the robustness of these findings by: using a larger sample of social groups, varying time pressure, and diversifying analytical strategies. Study 3 also establishes the value of spontaneous stereotypes: compared to scales alone, open-ended measures improve predictions of attitudes toward social groups. Improvement in attitude prediction results partially from a more comprehensive taxonomy as well as a construct we refer to as stereotype representativeness: the prevalence of a stereotype dimension in perceivers’ spontaneous beliefs about a social group. Finally, Study 4 examines how the taxonomy provides additional insight into stereotypes’ influence on decision-making in socially relevant scenarios.
AB - The spontaneous stereotype content model (SSCM) describes a comprehensive taxonomy, with associated properties and predictive value, of social-group beliefs that perceivers report in open-ended responses. Four studies (N =1,470) showthe utility of spontaneous stereotypes, compared to traditional, prompted, scale-based stereotypes. Using natural language processing text analyses, Study 1 shows the most common spontaneous stereotype dimensions for salient social groups. Our results confirm existing stereotype models’ dimensions, while uncovering a significant prevalence of dimensions that these models do not cover, such as Health, Appearance, and Deviance. The SSCM also characterizes the valence, direction, and accessibility of reported dimensions (e.g., Ability stereotypes are mostly positive, but Morality stereotypes are mostly negative; Sociability stereotypes are provided later than Ability stereotypes in a sequence of open-ended responses). Studies 2 and 3 check the robustness of these findings by: using a larger sample of social groups, varying time pressure, and diversifying analytical strategies. Study 3 also establishes the value of spontaneous stereotypes: compared to scales alone, open-ended measures improve predictions of attitudes toward social groups. Improvement in attitude prediction results partially from a more comprehensive taxonomy as well as a construct we refer to as stereotype representativeness: the prevalence of a stereotype dimension in perceivers’ spontaneous beliefs about a social group. Finally, Study 4 examines how the taxonomy provides additional insight into stereotypes’ influence on decision-making in socially relevant scenarios.
KW - Intergroup relations
KW - Natural language processing
KW - Social cognition
KW - Stereotype content
KW - Text analysis
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U2 - 10.1037/pspa0000312
DO - 10.1037/pspa0000312
M3 - Article
C2 - 35511560
AN - SCOPUS:85130590373
SN - 0022-3514
VL - 123
SP - 1243
EP - 1263
JO - Journal of personality and social psychology
JF - Journal of personality and social psychology
IS - 6
ER -