TY - JOUR
T1 - A small molecule G6PD inhibitor reveals immune dependence on pentose phosphate pathway
AU - Ghergurovich, Jonathan M.
AU - García-Cañaveras, Juan C.
AU - Wang, Joshua
AU - Schmidt, Emily
AU - Zhang, Zhaoyue
AU - TeSlaa, Tara
AU - Patel, Harshel
AU - Chen, Li
AU - Britt, Emily C.
AU - Piqueras-Nebot, Marta
AU - Gomez-Cabrera, Mari Carmen
AU - Lahoz, Agustín
AU - Fan, Jing
AU - Beier, Ulf H.
AU - Kim, Hahn
AU - Rabinowitz, Joshua D.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank C. DeCoste of the Princeton University flow cytometry resource facility and the Cytomics Unit of the IIS-La Fe for experimental set-up and design; R.S. O’Connor of University of Pennsylvania for assistance in setting up T cell experiments and for comments and suggestions on the figures; J. Jiao of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia for technical assistance with the Treg experiments; I. Babic of Nerdbio for assistance with the CETSA experiments; Y. Huang of Peking University for helpful suggestions pertaining to structure–activity relationship analysis and C. Bartman and the rest of members of the Rabinowitz laboratory for comments and suggestions. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant nos. 1DP1DK113643 and R01 CA163591. J.C.G.C. is supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 751423.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - Glucose is catabolized by two fundamental pathways, glycolysis to make ATP and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to make reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The first step of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Here we develop metabolite reporter and deuterium tracer assays to monitor cellular G6PD activity. Using these, we show that the most widely cited G6PD antagonist, dehydroepiandosterone, does not robustly inhibit G6PD in cells. We then identify a small molecule (G6PDi-1) that more effectively inhibits G6PD. Across a range of cultured cells, G6PDi-1 depletes NADPH most strongly in lymphocytes. In T cells but not macrophages, G6PDi-1 markedly decreases inflammatory cytokine production. In neutrophils, it suppresses respiratory burst. Thus, we provide a cell-active small molecule tool for oxidative pentose phosphate pathway inhibition, and use it to identify G6PD as a pharmacological target for modulating immune response. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - Glucose is catabolized by two fundamental pathways, glycolysis to make ATP and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to make reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The first step of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Here we develop metabolite reporter and deuterium tracer assays to monitor cellular G6PD activity. Using these, we show that the most widely cited G6PD antagonist, dehydroepiandosterone, does not robustly inhibit G6PD in cells. We then identify a small molecule (G6PDi-1) that more effectively inhibits G6PD. Across a range of cultured cells, G6PDi-1 depletes NADPH most strongly in lymphocytes. In T cells but not macrophages, G6PDi-1 markedly decreases inflammatory cytokine production. In neutrophils, it suppresses respiratory burst. Thus, we provide a cell-active small molecule tool for oxidative pentose phosphate pathway inhibition, and use it to identify G6PD as a pharmacological target for modulating immune response. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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U2 - 10.1038/s41589-020-0533-x
DO - 10.1038/s41589-020-0533-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 32393898
AN - SCOPUS:85084444552
SN - 1552-4450
VL - 16
SP - 731
EP - 739
JO - Nature Chemical Biology
JF - Nature Chemical Biology
IS - 7
ER -