@article{144c3dab89d24c269358f6a496af6288,
title = "A first estimate of present and preindustrial air-sea CO2 flux patterns based on ocean interior carbon measurements and models",
abstract = "The exchange of CO2 across the air-sea interface is a main determinant of the distribution of atmospheric CO2 from which major conclusions about the carbon cycle are drawn, yet our knowledge of atmosphere-ocean fluxes still has major gaps. A new analysis based on recent ocean dissolved inorganic carbon data and on models permits us to separately estimate the preindustrial and present air-sea CO2 flux distributions without requiring knowledge of the gas exchange coefficient. We find a smaller carbon sink at mid to high latitudes of the southern hemisphere than previous data based estimates and a shift of ocean uptake to lower latitude regions compared to estimates and simulations. The total uptake of anthropogenic CO2 for 1990 is 1.8 (±0.4) Pg C yr-1. Our ocean based results support the interpretation of the latitudinal distribution of atmospheric CO2 data as evidence for a large northern hemisphere land carbon sink.",
author = "M. Gloor and N. Gruber and J. Sarmiento and Sabine, {C. L.} and Feely, {R. A.} and C. R{\"o}denbeck",
note = "Funding Information: We thank R. Keeling, C. Le Quere, L. Bopp, S. Houweling, M. Heimann, S. Fan and A. Gnanadesikan for help and fruitful discussions. Special thanks go to all the scientists and personnel responsible for the collection of the data that made this study possible. NG acknowledges support by a NOAA Global Climate Change Fellowship. Support comes also from NASA (NAG5‐3510) and the Carbon Modeling Consortium under a grant from NOAA Office of Global Programs (NA56GP04‐39). CS and RF acknowledge support by NOAA/DOE grant GC99‐220 and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0155, JISAO contribution 864 and PMEL contribution 2379. Funding Information: We thank R. Keeling, C. Le Quere, L. Bopp, S. Houweling, M. Heimann, S. Fan and A. Gnanadesikan for help and fruitful discussions. Special thanks go to all the scientists and personnel responsible for the collection of the data that made this study possible. NG acknowledges support by a NOAA Global Climate Change Fellowship. Support comes also from NASA (NAG5-3510) and the Carbon Modeling Consortium under a grant from NOAA Office of Global Programs (NA56GP04-39). CS and RF acknowledge support by NOAA/DOE grant GC99-220 and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0155, JISAO contribution 864 and PMEL contribution 2379.",
year = "2003",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1029/2002gl015594",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "30",
pages = "10--1 -- 10--4",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "1",
}