δf Monte Carlo calculation of neoclassical transport in perturbed tokamaks

Non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations can fundamentally change neoclassical transport in tokamaks by distorting particle orbits on deformed or broken flux surfaces. This so-called non-ambipolar transport is highly complex, and eventually a numerical simulation is required to achieve its precise description and understanding. A new δ f particle orbit code (POCA) has been developed for this purpose using a modified pitch-angle collision operator preserving momentum conservation. POCA was successfully benchmarked for neoclassical transport and momentum conservation in the axisymmetric configuration. Non-ambipolar particle flux is calculated in the non-axisymmetric case, and the results show a clear resonant nature of non-ambipolar transport and magnetic braking. Neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque is calculated using anisotropic pressures and magnetic field spectrum, and compared with the combined and 1 / ν NTV theory. Calculations indicate a clear δ B ² scaling of NTV, and good agreement with the theory on NTV torque profiles and amplitudes depending on collisionality.